DT - Genetic Material Flashcards

1
Q

How are chromosomes seen?

A

AT or GC-rich regions are stained with dyes, a pattern of bands forms and is unique for each chromosome

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2
Q

What is the full set of chromosomes known as?

A

Karyotype

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3
Q

How does the Philadelphia chromosome form?

A

Translocation of material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22

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4
Q

How does Cystic Fibrosis occur?

A

A Mutant CFTR Channel does not move chloride ions and so sticky mucus builds up on the outside of the cell

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5
Q

How does Sickle-Cell Disease occur?

A

A is changed to T on position 17
Glutamic Acid –> Valine
Low numbers of RBCs, infection and pain

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6
Q

What was seen in the Griffith Experiment (1928)?

A
  • Rough strain (non-virulent) did not affect the mice
  • Smooth strain (virulent) killed the mice
  • Heat-killed smooth strain did not affect the mice
    -Heat-killed smooth strain + rough strain killed the mice
    PROVES SOMETHING FROM A DEAD CELL TRANSFORMED INTO A LIVING CELL
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7
Q

What was seen in the Avery Experiment (1944)?

A

The heat-killed smooth strain was mixed with the rough strain
- Added PROTEASE - Mice died
- Added RNase - Mice died
- Added DNase - Mice survived
PROVES DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC MATERIAL CAUSING DEATH

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8
Q

How was the Hershey and Chase experiment (1952) conducted?

A
  1. Obtain bacteriophage
  2. Label proteins with radioactive sulfur
  3. Label DNA with radioactive phosphorous
  4. Insert phage onto bacteria and determine whether any radioactivity is detected
  5. Use a blender to remove phages
  6. Centrifuge sample
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9
Q

What can be proven from the Hershey and Chase experiment (1952) ?

A

Sulphur-35 not detected - Genetic material not contained in proteins
Phosphorous-32 detected- Genetic material held in DNA

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