DT - Genetic Material Flashcards
How are chromosomes seen?
AT or GC-rich regions are stained with dyes, a pattern of bands forms and is unique for each chromosome
What is the full set of chromosomes known as?
Karyotype
How does the Philadelphia chromosome form?
Translocation of material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22
How does Cystic Fibrosis occur?
A Mutant CFTR Channel does not move chloride ions and so sticky mucus builds up on the outside of the cell
How does Sickle-Cell Disease occur?
A is changed to T on position 17
Glutamic Acid –> Valine
Low numbers of RBCs, infection and pain
What was seen in the Griffith Experiment (1928)?
- Rough strain (non-virulent) did not affect the mice
- Smooth strain (virulent) killed the mice
- Heat-killed smooth strain did not affect the mice
-Heat-killed smooth strain + rough strain killed the mice
PROVES SOMETHING FROM A DEAD CELL TRANSFORMED INTO A LIVING CELL
What was seen in the Avery Experiment (1944)?
The heat-killed smooth strain was mixed with the rough strain
- Added PROTEASE - Mice died
- Added RNase - Mice died
- Added DNase - Mice survived
PROVES DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC MATERIAL CAUSING DEATH
How was the Hershey and Chase experiment (1952) conducted?
- Obtain bacteriophage
- Label proteins with radioactive sulfur
- Label DNA with radioactive phosphorous
- Insert phage onto bacteria and determine whether any radioactivity is detected
- Use a blender to remove phages
- Centrifuge sample
What can be proven from the Hershey and Chase experiment (1952) ?
Sulphur-35 not detected - Genetic material not contained in proteins
Phosphorous-32 detected- Genetic material held in DNA