DD - Protein Translation

Question 1

What are the functions of tRNA?

Answer 1

-Used as an adapter molecule during translation
-Connects amino acids to nucleic acids
-Carries the amino acid that needs to be added to the peptide chain

Question 2

What do the A, P and E sites stand for in ribosomes?

Answer 2

A- Aminoacyl Site
P- Peptidyl site
E- Exit site

Question 3

What are the 5 features of the genetic code?

Answer 3

1. Triplet code
2. Degenerate
3. Non-overlapping
4. No punctuation
5. Universal

Question 4

What are the 3 main translational steps?

Answer 4

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 5

What is usually the first amino acid in the sequence?

Answer 5

Methionine

Question 6

What are the 2 steps involved with the charging of the tRNAs?

Answer 6

1. Activation of the amino acid (ATP + amino acid)
2. Formation of aminoacyl-tRNA (+ tRNA to active amino acid)

Question 7

What happens during elongation?

Answer 7

The addition of further amino acids

Question 8

What are the 4 main types of mutation?

Answer 8

1. Mis-sense (Substitution of a singular base which alters amino acid sequence)
2. Nonsense (Substitution of a singular base that codes for a stop codon)
3. Silent (Substitution of a singular base that has no effect on the base sequence)
4. Base Deletion (Causes a frameshift of the genetic code)