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Year 1: 07. Neuro Exam 3 > DSA 3: Hypothalamus and Limbic System > Flashcards

DSA 3: Hypothalamus and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

How does the hypothalamus specifically regulate homeostasis?

A 
Water and electrolyte balance
Food intake
Blood pressure
Circadian rhythm
Stress response
Body metabolism
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2
Q

What is the anterior (rostral) border of the hypothalamus?

A

Optic Chiasm

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3
Q

What is the posterior (caudal) border of the hypothalamus?

A

Midbrain (tegmentum/PAG)

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4
Q

What does the hypothalamus continue into?

A

Infundibular stalk and posterior pituitary

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5
Q

Are mammillary bodies found on the anterior or posterior part of the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior

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6
Q

What is the tuber cinereum?

A

Small swelling between optic chiasm and mammillary bodies - composes part of the floor

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7
Q

What is the median eminence?

A

Arises from tuber cinereum and eventually becomes infundibulum

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8
Q

What are three longitudinal divisions of the hypothalamus?

A

Anterior region
Tuberal region
Posterior region

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9
Q

What divides the medial and lateral zones of the hypothalamus?

A

Fornix

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10
Q

What happens if the lateral zone of the hypothalamus is damaged?

A

Decrease in feeding behavior that can lead to weight loss

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11
Q

What nuclei are found in the supraoptic region of the medial zone?

A

Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Anterior nucleus

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12
Q

What does the supraoptic nucleus do?

A

Contain ADH

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13
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus do?

A

Contain oxytocin

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14
Q

What happens if there are lesions to the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus?

A

Diabetes Insipidus
Increase water intake
Increase urination

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15
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do?

A

Receives retinal input and involved in circadian rhythms

Indirectly controls melatonin secretion in pineal gland

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16
Q

What does the anterior nucleus do?

A

Range of visceral/somatic functions including temperature regulation

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17
Q

What does the medial mammillary nucleus do?

A

Receive afferents from hippocampus via fornix

Efferents to thalamus and brainstem

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18
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the medial mammillary nucleus?

A

Inability to process short-term events into long term memory

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19
Q

What does the ventromedial nucleus do?

A

Satiety center (tells that body is full)

20
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the ventromedial nucleus?

A

Excessive eating leading to abnormal weight gain

21
Q

What does the dorsomedial nucleus do?

A

Subserves functions of emotional behavior and can cause sham rage

22
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to the dorsomedial nucleus?

A

Decrease in aggression and feeding

23
Q

What does the anteromedial group of the Circle of Willis supply?

A

Pre-optic and supraoptic region
Septal nuclei
Rostral portions of lateral hypothalamic area

24
Q

What does the posteromedial group of the Circle of Willis supply?

A

Tuberal and mammillary region

25
Q

What is the role of the fornix?

A

Transmits information from hippocampus to hypothalamus

26
Q

What is the role of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB)?

A

Transmits information from septal nuclei, midbrain tegmentum, and hypothalamus itself to hypothalamus through lateral hypothalamic zone

27
Q

What is the role of the amygdalohypothalamic fibers?

A

Transmits information from septal nuclei, pre-optic area, and medial hypothalamic zone to hypothalamus

28
Q

What is the role of the mammillary fasciculus?

A

Transmits information from medial mammillary nucleus to anterior nucleus, playing a role in circuit of Papez

29
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamic fibers?

A

Transmits information from lateral pre-optic area to dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and amygdaloid nucleus

30
Q

What is the supraoptichypophyseal tract?

A

Composed of axons from supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus to the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin and

31
Q

What is the tuberoinfundibular tract?

A

Inputs from hypothalamic neurons to anterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the role of the limbic system?

A

Influence behavior, memory, and pain perception

33
Q

What structures compose the hippocampus?

A

Subiculum
Entorhinal cortex
Dentate Gyrus
CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4

34
Q

What is the afferent pathway of the hippocampus?

A

Dentate gyrus –> CA3 –> CA1 –> subiculum

35
Q

What is the efferent pathway of the hippocampus?

A

Subiculum –> fornix

36
Q

What are the afferents of the cingulate gyrus?

A

From the thalamus and cortex

37
Q

What are the efferents of the cingulate gyrus?

A

To the entorhinal cortex of hippocampus

38
Q

What is the stria terminalis?

A

Outputs to hypothalamus and basal ganglia to permit motor behavioral responses from amygdala

39
Q

What is the ventral amygdalofugal pathway?

A

Efferent pathway: amygdala to various parts of the brain

40
Q

What is the Papez circuit?

A

Neural circuit for the control of emotional expression

41
Q

What is the function of the septal region?

A

Control rage of behavior

42
Q

What is the function of the ventral tegmental area?

A

Reward
Motivation
Role in addiction

43
Q

What happens if there is a bilateral lesion of the hippocampus?

A

Anterograde episodic memory (cannot learn new memory)

44
Q

What structures are damaged in Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Mammillary bodies
Hippocampal complex
Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

45
Q

What happens with patients who have Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Impedes retention of newly acquired memory
Short term memory doesn’t become long term memory
Will be confabulate (fragmented memories)

46
Q

What is phantosmia?

A

Distortion in a smell experience or the perception of a smell when no odor is present

47
Q

What is Kluver Bucy syndrome?

A 
Bilateral temporal lobe lesions that abolish amygdaloid complex leading to:
Visual agnosia
Hyperorality
Hypermetamorphosis
Placidity
Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality

Year 1: 07. Neuro Exam 3 (16 decks)

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