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Drugs (overview-ish) Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs end in -afil?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Sildenafil, Tadalafil

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2
Q

Why do patients take phosphodiesterase inhibitors? What should be avoided in patients taking these drugs?

A

Erectile Dysfunction (Raynaud’s)

Nitrates (cause an unsafe drop in BP)

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3
Q

What drugs end in -azepam?

A

Benzodiazepines [frequent Cl- channel opening]

Lorazepam, diazepam

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4
Q

Besides -azepam, what is another suffix for benzodiazepines?

A

-azolam

Alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam

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5
Q

When are benzos used?

A 
Anxiety (and similar)
Seizures
EtOH withdrawal
PCP overdose
General anesthesia
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6
Q

What drug should be given for benzo OD?

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

What drugs end in -azine?

A

Phenothiazines [low block of D2 receptors]

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, promethazine

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8
Q

What are phenothiazines?

A

Antipsychotics

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9
Q

What are the potential side effects of phenothiazines?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms (akathisia and tardive dyskinesia)

Also anticholinergic, antihistamine, and a1-blockade effects

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10
Q

What drugs end in - barbital?

A

Barbiturates

Phenobarbital, secobarbital

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11
Q

Are barbiturates often used?

A

Not really, been replaced by benzos

anxiolytics and hypnotics

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12
Q

What drugs end in -bendazole?

A

Benzimidazoles [microtubule action]

Mebendazole, albendazole

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13
Q

What are benzimidazoles?

A

Anti-parasitics

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14
Q

Who shouldn’t be given benzimidazoles?

A

Preggers

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15
Q

What drugs end in -caine?

A

Local anesthetics [Na+ channel block]

Lidocaine, tetracaine, cocaine

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16
Q

How is lidocaine used?

A

Besides as anesthetic, also as a class IB antiarrhythmatic

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17
Q

What drugs end in -chol?

A

Muscarinic agonists

Bethanechol, carbachol

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18
Q

What is bethanechol used for?

A

Bladder/GI hypotonia

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19
Q

What is carbachol used for?

A

Carbachol treats glaucoma

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20
Q

Besides the -chols, what is another direct cholinergic agonist?

A

Pilocarpine

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21
Q

What are the effects of pilocarpine?

A

Stimulates sweat, tears and saliva

“PILocarpine makes you sweat, cry, and drool into your PILow”

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22
Q

What is pilocarpine used to treat?

A

Open and closed angle glaucoma

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23
Q

What drugs end in -conazole?

A

Imidazoles [inhibs fungal p450 from making ergosterol]

Fluconazole, ketoconazole

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24
Q

What are imidazoles used for?

A

Anti-fungals

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25
Q

What are the potential side effects of -conazoles?

A

Testosterone synthesis inhib (gynecomastia)

Liver dysfunction

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26
Q

What drugs end in -curium?

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers [compete with ACh for receptors]

(Atracurium, mivacurium)

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27
Q

Besides -curium, what is another suffix used for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?

A

-curonium

Vecuronium, rocuronium

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28
Q

What drugs end in -cycline?

A

Tetracyclines [bind to 30s preventing tRNA attachment]

Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

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29
Q

What are some potential side effects of tetracyclines?

A

GI distress
Discoloration of teeth/inhib bone growth in kids
Photosensitivity

DON’T GIVE TO PREGGERS

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30
Q

What drugs end in -dipine?

A

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Amlodipine, nifedipine

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31
Q

Besides those that are expected with CCBs, what are some potential side effects of amlodipine?

A

Peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, hyperprolactinemia, constipation

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32
Q

What drugs end in -dronate

A

Bisphosphonates [inhib osteoclast activity]

Alendronate, risderonate

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33
Q

What are some potential side effects of bisphosphontates?

A

Corrosive esophagitis

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

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34
Q

What drugs end with -etine?

A

SSRIs

Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline

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35
Q

What do SSRIs treat?

A 
Depression
Anxiety (and similar)
Bulimia
Social phobias
PTSD
36
Q

What are some potential side effects of SSRIs?

A

GI distress
Sexual dysfunction
Serotonin syndrome

37
Q

What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

A

Hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, cardiovascular collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures

38
Q

How is serotonin syndrome treated?

A

Cyproheptadine (receptor agonist)

39
Q

What drugs end in -flurane?

A

Inhaled anesthetics [unknown]

Isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane

40
Q

What are some potential side effects of inhaled anesthetics?

A

Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Convulsions
Malignant hyperthermia (rare…will probably be tested on, because that’s how it works)

41
Q

How is malignant hyperthermia secondary to inhaled anesthetics treated?

A

Dantrolene

42
Q

What drugs end in -gliptin?

A

DPP-IV inhibitors [prolong incretin effects]

sitagliptin, saxagliptin

43
Q

What do incretins do?

A

Incretins stimulate insulin

44
Q

What drugs end in -glitazone?

A

Thiazolidinediones [binds to PPAR-gamma tsx regulator to increase insulin sensitivity]

(Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)

45
Q

What are some potential side effects to -glitazones?

A

Weight gain
Hepatotoxicity
Heart failure

46
Q

What drugs end in -ipramine?

A

TCAs [block uptake of NE and 5-HT]

Clomipramine, imipramine

47
Q

Besides -ipramine, what other suffix is common in TCAs?

A

-triptyline

Amitriptyline, nortriptyline

48
Q

What side effects are possible with TCAs?

A

Tri-Cs (Convulsions, Coma, and Cardiotoxicity)

Anticholinergic effects

49
Q

What drugs end in -mustine?

A

Nitrosoureas [alkylating agent that crosses BBB]

Lomustine, carmustine, semustine

50
Q

What is a nitrosourea that does not end in -mustine?

A

Streptozocin

51
Q

What toxicities are possible with -mustines?

A

CNS toxicity (convulsions, dizziness, ataxia)

52
Q

What drugs end in -navir?

A

Protease inhibitors

53
Q

What are the potential side effects of -navirs?

A

Hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy

54
Q

What drugs end in -olol?

A

Beta blockers

55
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

CV adverse effects
CNS adverse effects
Causes hypoglycemia to have NO symptoms

56
Q

Who should avoid/be monitored on beta blockers?

A 
Cocaine users (unopposed alpha-adrenergic activity)
Diabetics (no symptoms if hypoglycemic)
57
Q

What drugs end in -operidol?

A

Neuroleptics [high potency D2 blocker]

Haloperidol, droperidol

58
Q

What are some potential side effects of -operidols?

A 
Extrapyramidal effects
Endocrine side effects (galactorrhea)
Anticholinergic effects
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia (oral/facial movements)
59
Q

What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

A

FEVER

F- Fever
E- Encephalopathy
V- Vitals unstable
E- Enzymes increased
R- Rigidity of muscles
60
Q

What drugs end in -phylline?

A

Methylxanthines [inhibs phosphodiesterase…increases cAMP]

Theophylline, aminophylline

61
Q

Are there bad side effects to theophylline?

A

There are…which is why they are hardly used

cardio/neurotoxicity

62
Q

What drugs end in -pril?

A

ACE inhibitors

Lisinopril, enalapril, captopril

63
Q

What are the potential side effects to using ACEIs?

A

CATCHH

C- Cough
A- Angioedema
T- Teratogen
C- Creatinine increased
H- Hyperkalemia
H- Hypotension
64
Q

What drugs end in -prost?

A

Prostaglandin analogs

Latanoprost, travoprost

65
Q

What is latanoprost used for?

66
Q

What drugs end in -sartan?

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers

Losartan, valsartan

67
Q

What drugs end in -statin?

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors [rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis]

(simvastatin, atorvastatin)

68
Q

What are some potential side effects of -statins?

A

Hepatotoxicity

Rhabodmyolysis (when with vibrates and niacin)

69
Q

What drugs end with -stigmine?

A

Anticholinesterases

Neostigmine, physostigmine, rivastigmine

70
Q

What is neostigmine used for?

A

Postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Myasthenia gravis
Reversal of neuromuscular junction block

71
Q

What is pyridostigmine used for?

A

Myasthenia gravis

pyRIDostiGMine gets RID of Myasthenia Gravis

72
Q

What is physostigmine used for?

A

Anticholinergic toxicity

PHYsostigmine “PHYxes” atropine OD

73
Q

What is rivastigmine used for? What other anticholinesterases are used to treat this?

A

Rivastigmine treats Alzheimer disease

Donepezil and Galantamine also treat Alzheimer disease

74
Q

What anticholinesterase is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?

A

Edrophonium

75
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoantibodies to postsynaptic ACh receptors (most common NMJ disorder)

Causes ptosis, diplopia, weakness

76
Q

What drugs end in -terol?

A

Beta-2 agonists

Albuterol, salmeterol

77
Q

Besides the -terols, what is another beta-2 agonist?

A

How could anyone forget about terbutaline

78
Q

What drugs end in -triptan?

A

5-HT(1B/1D) agonists

Sumatriptan, rizatriptan

79
Q

What are -triptans used to treat?

A

Migraines/cluster headaches

80
Q

What are some potential side effects to -triptans?

A

Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal angina)

81
Q

What drugs end in -tropin?

A

Pituitary hormones

Somatropin, thyrotropin

82
Q

What drugs end in -zosin?

A

Alpha-1 antagonists

Prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin

83
Q

What are the uses of -zosins?

A

Urinary symptoms of BPH
PTSD (prazosin)
HTN

84
Q

Besides the -zosins, what is another alpha-1 antagonist? What is its primary use?

A

Tamsulosin is used for BPH

85
Q

What are two examples of nonselective alpha antagonists?

A

Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine

86
Q

What is phenoxybenzamine used to treat?

A

Pheochromocytoma (preop)

87
Q

When is phentolamine used?

A

When patients on MAOIs eat tyramine-containing foods

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