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Drugs (overview-ish) Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs end in -afil?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Sildenafil, Tadalafil

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2
Q

Why do patients take phosphodiesterase inhibitors? What should be avoided in patients taking these drugs?

A

Erectile Dysfunction (Raynaud’s)

Nitrates (cause an unsafe drop in BP)

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3
Q

What drugs end in -azepam?

A

Benzodiazepines [frequent Cl- channel opening]

Lorazepam, diazepam

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4
Q

Besides -azepam, what is another suffix for benzodiazepines?

A

-azolam

Alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam

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5
Q

When are benzos used?

A 
Anxiety (and similar)
Seizures
EtOH withdrawal
PCP overdose
General anesthesia
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6
Q

What drug should be given for benzo OD?

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

What drugs end in -azine?

A

Phenothiazines [low block of D2 receptors]

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, promethazine

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8
Q

What are phenothiazines?

A

Antipsychotics

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9
Q

What are the potential side effects of phenothiazines?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms (akathisia and tardive dyskinesia)

Also anticholinergic, antihistamine, and a1-blockade effects

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10
Q

What drugs end in - barbital?

A

Barbiturates

Phenobarbital, secobarbital

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11
Q

Are barbiturates often used?

A

Not really, been replaced by benzos

anxiolytics and hypnotics

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12
Q

What drugs end in -bendazole?

A

Benzimidazoles [microtubule action]

Mebendazole, albendazole

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13
Q

What are benzimidazoles?

A

Anti-parasitics

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14
Q

Who shouldn’t be given benzimidazoles?

A

Preggers

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15
Q

What drugs end in -caine?

A

Local anesthetics [Na+ channel block]

Lidocaine, tetracaine, cocaine

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16
Q

How is lidocaine used?

A

Besides as anesthetic, also as a class IB antiarrhythmatic

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17
Q

What drugs end in -chol?

A

Muscarinic agonists

Bethanechol, carbachol

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18
Q

What is bethanechol used for?

A

Bladder/GI hypotonia

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19
Q

What is carbachol used for?

A

Carbachol treats glaucoma

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20
Q

Besides the -chols, what is another direct cholinergic agonist?

A

Pilocarpine

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21
Q

What are the effects of pilocarpine?

A

Stimulates sweat, tears and saliva

“PILocarpine makes you sweat, cry, and drool into your PILow”

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22
Q

What is pilocarpine used to treat?

A

Open and closed angle glaucoma

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23
Q

What drugs end in -conazole?

A

Imidazoles [inhibs fungal p450 from making ergosterol]

Fluconazole, ketoconazole

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24
Q

What are imidazoles used for?

A

Anti-fungals

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25
What are the potential side effects of -conazoles?
Testosterone synthesis inhib (gynecomastia) Liver dysfunction
26
What drugs end in -curium?
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers [compete with ACh for receptors] (Atracurium, mivacurium)
27
Besides -curium, what is another suffix used for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
-curonium | Vecuronium, rocuronium
28
What drugs end in -cycline?
Tetracyclines [bind to 30s preventing tRNA attachment] | Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
29
What are some potential side effects of tetracyclines?
GI distress Discoloration of teeth/inhib bone growth in kids Photosensitivity DON'T GIVE TO PREGGERS
30
What drugs end in -dipine?
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers | Amlodipine, nifedipine
31
Besides those that are expected with CCBs, what are some potential side effects of amlodipine?
Peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, hyperprolactinemia, constipation
32
What drugs end in -dronate
Bisphosphonates [inhib osteoclast activity] | Alendronate, risderonate
33
What are some potential side effects of bisphosphontates?
Corrosive esophagitis | Osteonecrosis of the jaw
34
What drugs end with -etine?
SSRIs | Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline
35
What do SSRIs treat?
``` Depression Anxiety (and similar) Bulimia Social phobias PTSD ```
36
What are some potential side effects of SSRIs?
GI distress Sexual dysfunction Serotonin syndrome
37
What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
Hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, cardiovascular collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures
38
How is serotonin syndrome treated?
Cyproheptadine (receptor agonist)
39
What drugs end in -flurane?
Inhaled anesthetics [unknown] | Isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane
40
What are some potential side effects of inhaled anesthetics?
Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Convulsions Malignant hyperthermia (rare...will probably be tested on, because that's how it works)
41
How is malignant hyperthermia secondary to inhaled anesthetics treated?
Dantrolene
42
What drugs end in -gliptin?
DPP-IV inhibitors [prolong incretin effects] | sitagliptin, saxagliptin
43
What do incretins do?
Incretins stimulate insulin
44
What drugs end in -glitazone?
Thiazolidinediones [binds to PPAR-gamma tsx regulator to increase insulin sensitivity] (Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)
45
What are some potential side effects to -glitazones?
Weight gain Hepatotoxicity Heart failure
46
What drugs end in -ipramine?
TCAs [block uptake of NE and 5-HT] | Clomipramine, imipramine
47
Besides -ipramine, what other suffix is common in TCAs?
-triptyline | Amitriptyline, nortriptyline
48
What side effects are possible with TCAs?
Tri-Cs (Convulsions, Coma, and Cardiotoxicity) Anticholinergic effects
49
What drugs end in -mustine?
Nitrosoureas [alkylating agent that crosses BBB] | Lomustine, carmustine, semustine
50
What is a nitrosourea that does not end in -mustine?
Streptozocin
51
What toxicities are possible with -mustines?
CNS toxicity (convulsions, dizziness, ataxia)
52
What drugs end in -navir?
Protease inhibitors
53
What are the potential side effects of -navirs?
Hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy
54
What drugs end in -olol?
Beta blockers
55
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
CV adverse effects CNS adverse effects Causes hypoglycemia to have NO symptoms
56
Who should avoid/be monitored on beta blockers?
``` Cocaine users (unopposed alpha-adrenergic activity) Diabetics (no symptoms if hypoglycemic) ```
57
What drugs end in -operidol?
Neuroleptics [high potency D2 blocker] | Haloperidol, droperidol
58
What are some potential side effects of -operidols?
``` Extrapyramidal effects Endocrine side effects (galactorrhea) Anticholinergic effects Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Tardive dyskinesia (oral/facial movements) ```
59
What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
FEVER ``` F- Fever E- Encephalopathy V- Vitals unstable E- Enzymes increased R- Rigidity of muscles ```
60
What drugs end in -phylline?
Methylxanthines [inhibs phosphodiesterase...increases cAMP] | Theophylline, aminophylline
61
Are there bad side effects to theophylline?
There are...which is why they are hardly used | cardio/neurotoxicity
62
What drugs end in -pril?
ACE inhibitors | Lisinopril, enalapril, captopril
63
What are the potential side effects to using ACEIs?
CATCHH ``` C- Cough A- Angioedema T- Teratogen C- Creatinine increased H- Hyperkalemia H- Hypotension ```
64
What drugs end in -prost?
Prostaglandin analogs | Latanoprost, travoprost
65
What is latanoprost used for?
Glaucoma
66
What drugs end in -sartan?
Angiotensin receptor blockers | Losartan, valsartan
67
What drugs end in -statin?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors [rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis] (simvastatin, atorvastatin)
68
What are some potential side effects of -statins?
Hepatotoxicity | Rhabodmyolysis (when with vibrates and niacin)
69
What drugs end with -stigmine?
Anticholinesterases | Neostigmine, physostigmine, rivastigmine
70
What is neostigmine used for?
Postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention Myasthenia gravis Reversal of neuromuscular junction block
71
What is pyridostigmine used for?
Myasthenia gravis pyRIDostiGMine gets RID of Myasthenia Gravis
72
What is physostigmine used for?
Anticholinergic toxicity PHYsostigmine "PHYxes" atropine OD
73
What is rivastigmine used for? What other anticholinesterases are used to treat this?
Rivastigmine treats Alzheimer disease Donepezil and Galantamine also treat Alzheimer disease
74
What anticholinesterase is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium
75
What is myasthenia gravis?
Autoantibodies to postsynaptic ACh receptors (most common NMJ disorder) Causes ptosis, diplopia, weakness
76
What drugs end in -terol?
Beta-2 agonists | Albuterol, salmeterol
77
Besides the -terols, what is another beta-2 agonist?
How could anyone forget about terbutaline
78
What drugs end in -triptan?
5-HT(1B/1D) agonists | Sumatriptan, rizatriptan
79
What are -triptans used to treat?
Migraines/cluster headaches
80
What are some potential side effects to -triptans?
Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal angina)
81
What drugs end in -tropin?
Pituitary hormones | Somatropin, thyrotropin
82
What drugs end in -zosin?
Alpha-1 antagonists | Prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin
83
What are the uses of -zosins?
Urinary symptoms of BPH PTSD (prazosin) HTN
84
Besides the -zosins, what is another alpha-1 antagonist? What is its primary use?
Tamsulosin is used for BPH
85
What are two examples of nonselective alpha antagonists?
Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
86
What is phenoxybenzamine used to treat?
Pheochromocytoma (preop)
87
When is phentolamine used?
When patients on MAOIs eat tyramine-containing foods

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