B vitamins

Question 1

What is the other name for B1?

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

What kind of enzymes use thiamine?

Answer 2

Dehydrogenase enzymes (B3 is more often seen with these enzymes)

Question 3

What is seen with thiamine deficiency?

Answer 3

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (confusion + ophthalmoplegia + ataxia)
Dry beriberi (polyneuritis + symmetrical muscle wasting)
Wet beriberi (high-output cardiac failure + edema)

Question 4

What is the concern of giving glucose to thiamine deficient patients?

Answer 4

Can damage mammillary bodies…GIVE THIAMINE FIRST

Question 5

What is the other name for B2? What kind of reactions use B2?

Answer 5

Riboflavin (FMN/FAD)

Carboxylation/Decarboxylation

Question 6

What is seen with riboflavin deficiency?

Answer 6

Cheilosis

Corneal vascularization

Question 7

What is the other name for B3?

Answer 7

Niacin (NAD/NADP)

Question 8

What is seen with niacin deficiency?

Answer 8

Diarrhea
Dementia
Dermatitis

Question 9

What is the other name for B5?

Answer 9

Pantothenate (CoA)

Question 10

What is seen with pantothenate deficiency?

Answer 10

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 11

What is another name for B6?

Answer 11

Pyridoxine

Question 12

What enzymes use pyridoxine?

Answer 12

Transamination enzymes

Question 13

What is seen with pyridoxine deficiency?

Answer 13

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias

Question 14

What is another name for B7?

Answer 14

Biotin

Question 15

What enzymes use biotin?

Answer 15

Carboxylation enzymes

Question 16

What weird dietary substance can cause biotin deficiency?

Answer 16

Raw egg whites…avidin in egg whites binds biotin

Question 17

What is another name for B9?

Answer 17

Folic Acid

Question 18

You better not screw up on a folic acid question…

Answer 18

Or a B12 question for that matter

Question 19

What is the other name for B12?

Answer 19

Cobalamin

Question 20

Patient comes in and after labs it is determined that she has megaloblastic anemia. So she is given folic acid and B12. She comes in a week later and still has megaloblastic anemia. What is likely elevated in her serum?

Answer 20

Orotic aciduria (d/t defect in UMP synthase) presents with megaloblastic anemia and elevated orotic acid

Question 21

Besides orotic aciduria, what else can present with elevated orotic acid? How can these two diseases be distinguished from each other?

Answer 21

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (part of urea cycle) presents with hyperammonemia, but NOT megaloblastic anemia

(this makes sense knowing that orotic aciduria is a deficiency in a pyrimidine synthesis and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is urea cycle)