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TOXICOLOGY > Drugs of abuse - PCP, GHB, cannabis, heroin > Flashcards

Drugs of abuse - PCP, GHB, cannabis, heroin Flashcards

1
Q

what is PCP

A

dissociative anasthetic with hallucinogenic properties

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2
Q

what was pcp used for

A

iv anaesthetic for humans stopped due to side effects

then a vet anasthetic

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3
Q

sources of PCP

A

illicit only

easy to manufacture

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4
Q

methods of pcp ingestion

A 
smoked most common
applied in powder or liquid form to leafy substances such as mint which can then be smoked
oral ingestion
injection
eye dropper
snorting
inhalation
skin
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5
Q

desired effects of pcp

A

intense euphoria
hallucination
relaxation
dissociation from the environment

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6
Q

onset of pcp

A

1-5min smoked

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7
Q

duration of pcp

A

4-6hr

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8
Q

other effects of pcp

A

agitation, confusion
increased pain threshold
moon walking
cyclic: agitated then calm

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9
Q

toxicity pcp symptoms

A 
delirium
hallucination
convulsion
violent reactions
long term use = psychosis
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10
Q

overdose of pcp

A

coma
seizure
death due to respiratory arrest

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11
Q

dependencies of pcp

A

tolerance
psychological dependence
no physiological

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12
Q

another dissociative anaesthetic like pcp

A

dextromethorphan in high doses

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13
Q

what is GHB

A

gabba hydroxybutyrate

cns depressant

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14
Q

use of GHB

A

recreational
date rape drug
experimental drug for treatment of nacrolepsy

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15
Q

sources of GHB

A

illigal to manufacture or sell in canada
recipes on internet easy to make only have 2 ingredients in paint thinner
liquid or powder

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16
Q

how to make GHB

A

strong base and solvent used in paint thinner

unneutalized base can burn the throat

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17
Q

methods of GHB ingestion

A

oral - capful of liquid, powder mixed with liquid

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18
Q

why is GHB mixed in tasty drinks

A

salty taste

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19
Q

desired effects of GHB

A

relaxation
sense of well being
loss of social inhibitions

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20
Q

GHB onset and duration

A

5-20min

2-3hr

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21
Q

problems with GHB detection for police

A

only detectable in blood for 6hr and urine for 12hr
short window of time for testing assault
cant test drinks for it

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22
Q

other effects of GHB

A 
amnesia
drowsy
slurred speech
loss of balance
like alcohol kinda
23
Q

high doses of GHB cause

A 
loss of consciousness
slowed heart rate
seizure
coma
death
24
Q

problems with interpretation of GHB

A

endogenous metabolite produced by body so have to determine concentration
may be a product of postmortem decomposition
special tests requires for screening - not done routinely
severl analogs of GHB are abused

25
Q

properties of cannabis

A

cns depression
stimulant
hallucinogenic

26
Q

cannabis uses

A

fiber to make clothing
hemp seeds for food and oil
variaety of conditions
mainly recreational

27
Q

medical marihuana used for

A

antiemetic - NV in cancer
glaucoma
antispasmodic
appetite enhancer - AIDS

28
Q

what is dronabinol

A

synthetic trans isomer of THC

29
Q

what is nabilone

A

synthetic chromenine derivative of THC

30
Q

what is sativex

A

natural THC and cannabidiol

used for neuropathic pain and spasticity in MS

31
Q

sources of cannabis

A

cannabis sativa plant
sinsemilla - female plant highest THC
hash and hash oil

32
Q

method of cannabis ingestion

A

smoking - joint, bong, blunt

oral ingestion

33
Q

desired cannabis effects

A

euphoria
relaxation
loss of inhibitions
sense of wellbeing

34
Q

onset of cannabis smoking

A

8-9 sec

35
Q

duration of cannabis

A

2-3hr

36
Q

other effects of cannabis

A 
distort time
impairmemory and concentration
confusion
reduced ability to process info
balance difficulty
spontaneous laughter
munchies
dry mouth
37
Q

toxicity of canabis

A 
fearfulness
anxiety 
paranoria
more common when ingested orally, first time, or chronic high doses
no known deaths
38
Q

can passive inhalation get you high

A

would require very extreme conditions with so much weed in the air

39
Q

why does thc stay in blood and urine for a long time

A

fat soluble

used every day for a year would stay positive for 8weeks

40
Q

problems with cannabis interpretation

A

degrades with freeze thaw cycle

have to do oral test and standard sobriety then take to hospital for a blood test

41
Q

what is heroin

A

narcotic analgesic that is 2-3x more potent then morphine

diacetylmorphine

42
Q

sources of heroin

A

produced by treating morphine wiht acetic anhydride

powder or tar

43
Q

methods of heroin ingestion

A

injection
smoking
snorting

44
Q

desired effects of heroin

A

euphoria
sense of well being
relief of pain

45
Q

onset of heroin

A

immediiate euphoria

25 min for physical effects

46
Q

duration of heroin

A

3-6hr physical effects

47
Q

other heroin effects

A 
on the nod
semiconscious
droopy eyelid
head slumped on chest
easily awakened alert to questions 
pinpoint pupils
facial itching
nausea
slow deliberate movements
48
Q

pupils in abused drugs

A

constricted for opioids, heroin (except demerol)

dilated for cocaine and stimulants

49
Q

toxicity of heroin

A

resp depression

coma death

50
Q

treatment of heroin od

A

naloxone

51
Q

dependence associated with heroin

A

tolerance
psychological dependence
physiological dependence

52
Q

describe heroin physiological dependence

A 
withdrawl in 4-6h
peak in 24-36 
insomnia, vomiting, diarhea, hot and cold, weakness, cold like
rebound pupil dilation 
treat with methadone
53
Q

interpretation challanges of heroin

A

not detected in body fluids requires a special extraction procedures
wide range of concentrations are seen in deaths
amphoteric: base and acid, requires extraction at ph =8

TOXICOLOGY (24 decks)

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