Antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of MAO A inhibitor toxicity

A

decreased amine degradation
amphetamine like effect and increaased catecholamine release
decreased amine reuptake
increased amine release

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2
Q

4 phases of MAOi overdose

A
  1. asymptomatic period up to 6-12 hr (monitor for 24hr post ingestion)
  2. neuromuscular excitation and symptathetic hyperactivity: HTN, tremor, seizure, rigid, agitation, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, myoclonus
  3. CNS depression and possible CV collapse - hypotension
  4. secondary complications for survivors
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3
Q

hypertension treatment in MAOi overdose

A

short actign agent for severe hypertension bc will go hypotensive after
hypotension use direct acting vasopressors

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4
Q

rigidity treatment in MAOi overdose

A

benzo
dantrolene
to prevent rhabdomyolysis bc severe muscle tension breaks down the muscles and gets stuck in kidneys

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5
Q

charcoal effective in MAOi overdose

A

yes

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6
Q

cause of eating indirect acting amines (cheese, fish) when on MAOi

A

peripheral hypertensive crisis

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7
Q

anticholinergic effects of tcas

A
agitation
hallucination
confusion 
sedation
coma 
seizure
hypertension
tachycardia
hyperthermia
mydriasis
dry flushing skin
decreased GI motility 
urinary retention
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8
Q

TCA toxic effect - cardiovascular

A

QRS prolongation
sinus tachycardia
ventricular arrhythmias
hypotension

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9
Q

TCA toxic effect - CNS

A

coma
delerium
myoclonus
seizures

hyperthermia
ileus - lack of movement in intestines
urinary retention

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10
Q

risk factors increasing risk of toxicity in TCAs

A
pre existing heart conditions
electrolyte abnormalities
hepatic insufficiency 
stimulant drug use 
multiple drugs that increase QT intervals
increased dose
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11
Q

general management of TCA overdose

A
airway 
IV line 
cardiac monitoring - EKG
stomach lavage 
charcoal 50-100g + cathartic 
decreased LOC - oxygen, dextrose, naloxone, thiamine, ABG
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12
Q

toxic dose of tca

A

10-20mg/kg

limit rx to 1g

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13
Q

most common cause of death in tca overdose

A

refractory hypotension due to vasodilation or impaired cardiac contractility

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14
Q

treatment of orthostatic hypotension tca

A

intravascular volume expansion
sodium bicarb, vasopressors, or inotropes
correct hyperthermai, acidosis, seizures

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15
Q

treatment of cns effects in tca overdose

A

supportive
benzos
midazolam infusion for seizure, refractory barbiturates or propofol
not phenytoin due to arrhythmias

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16
Q

tca cardiac cause of death

A

myocardial depression
ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation

17
Q

why do we do EKG in tca overdose

A

qrs duration >.10sec predictor of arrhythmias

serum concentrations not predictive

18
Q

treatment of cardiac toxicity in tca overdose

A

sodium bicarb narrows QRS reducing arrhythmias and hypotension
antiarrhythmics are contraindicated

19
Q

when is lipid rescue used

A

refractory cardiotoxicity for overdoses of lipophuilic meds (TCA, local anesthetic poisoning)
last ditch effort

20
Q

MOA of lipid rescue

A

lipid sink

drug stays in blood stream doesnt go to receptors

21
Q

length of tx in asymptomatic tca overdose

A

good once normal ECG x 6 hr with treatment GI decontamination

22
Q

length of treatment if symptomatic with altered mental status, seizue, cardiac dysrrhythmia

A

monitor in ICU 12-24hr after all symptoms resolved and all supportive interventions are discontinued
if all parameters norma then psychiatry to evaluate

23
Q

toxicity of antidepressants

A
  1. amitriptyline
  2. venlafaxine
  3. mirtazapine
  4. citalopram
24
Q

venlafaxine overdose

A
proarrhythmic
seizure
hypertension?
sinus tachycardia 
serotonin syndrome
blood pressure increased
25
Q

venlafaxine contraindicated in

A

high risk overdoses
pre existing seizures and cardaic disease
poor CYP2D6 metabolizers or drugs that inhibit this

26
Q

treatment of venlafaxine overdose

A

treat similar to TCA overdose

have to monitor for longer just in case a poor metabolizer

27
Q

venlafaxine metabolite

A

desvenlafaxine

toxicity seems low

28
Q

toxicity signs and symptoms of duloxetine

A
somnolence
serotonin syndrome
seizure
vomiting
QRS prolong and arrythmia low 
mostly neurologic and GI effects
29
Q

SSRI toxic effects

A
tremor
sinus tachycardia
NV
diarrhea
obtundation
seizure 
serotonin syndrome
30
Q

treatment of SSRI toxicity

A

charcoal

supportive care

31
Q

tx of serotonin syndrome

A

supportive care
neuromuscular - benzo
increased temp - tylenol
rigidity - dantrolene

32
Q

tx of severe symptoms in serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine 4mg q4hr
serotonin antagonism
watch anticholinergic and antihistaminic properties

33
Q

signs and symptoms or serotonin syndrome

A
agitation
confusion
diaphoressi
diarrhea
fver
shivering
myoclonus
tremor
incoordination
hyperreflexia
34
Q

citalopram only SSRI with cardiac toxicity what are the issues

A

dose related QT prolongation

increased risk of torsades de pointes

35
Q

bupropion safety

A
not a lot of cardiac issues 
seizures
GI upset
tahycardia 
agitation
hypertension
36
Q

problems with XL bupropion

A

half life prolonged delayed transit time so more can be absorbed
DELAYED HIGHER PEAK
delayed onset seizures

37
Q

mirtazapine safety

A

tachycardia
hypertension
no cardiac issues or seizures
watch for serotonergic and anticholinergic effects