Acid base abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

diff betwen acidosis and acidemia

A

osis is the processes that tend to change ph in a given direction
emia is the resultant pH of the blood

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2
Q

acedemia pH

A

<7.4

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3
Q

alkalemia pH

A

> 7.4

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4
Q

sites of acid base regulation

A

chemical buffers
lung
kidney

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5
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

serum bicarbonate <24meq/L

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6
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

serum bicarb >24meq/L

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7
Q

normal sodium bicarb

A

18-24 meq/L

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8
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

pco2 >40mmhg

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9
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

pco2 <40mmhg

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10
Q

normal pCO2

A

35-40mmghg

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11
Q

major chemical buffer

A

pH dependent on relative ratio between carbon dioxide(acid) and bicarbonate (base)
if altered get an acid base abnormality

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12
Q

respiratory regulation of co2 elimination

A

medullary chemoreceptors in the respiratory center are activated by cerebral arterial CO2
lungs compensate for metabolic disturbances

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13
Q

increasing the rate and depth of respiration increases ….

A

quantity of CO2 to be eliminated by lungs

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14
Q

renal regulation of H/HCO3

A

kidneys reabsorb filtered bicarbonate and eliminate H

takes much longer - in resp acidosis

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15
Q

in presence of resp acidosis the kidneys..

A

excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions

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16
Q

in presence of resp and metabolic alkalosis kidneys..

A

retain H and excrete bicarb

17
Q

resp alkalosis compensation

A

every 10mmhg decrease in co2, hco3 decrease by 2mmole

18
Q

resp acidosis compensation

A

every 10mmhg increase in pco2, hco3 increase by 1mmole

19
Q

metabolic alkalosis compensation

A

every mmole increase in hco3, pco2 increase 0.7mmhg

20
Q

metabolic acidosis compensation

A

every decrease in hco3, pco2 decrease by 1mmhg

21
Q

in acid base disorder if the expected compensatory response hasnt occurred what does that indicate

A

mixed acid base disturbance

22
Q

what is an anion gap

A

difference in cations and anions
AG = unmeasured anions - unmeasured cations
…… i think this is backwards…..

23
Q

why is K not included in anion gap calculation

A

largely an intracellular cation that rarely alters the gap

24
Q

anion gap formula

A

AG = (Na) - (Cl + HCO3)

25
Q

what is the normal anion gap

A

12 +/- 4 mEq/L

26
Q

what does a high anion gap mean

A

increased unmeasured anions or decreased unmeasured cations

27
Q

what is high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

generation of acid that titrates the bicarbonate with an unmeasured anion
chloride concentraion remains normal (normochloremic acidosis)

28
Q

what is normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

processes that cause bicarbonate loss and chloride retention
chloride concentraion higher (hyperchloremic acidosis)

29
Q

causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

renal failure
lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis
drugs and toxins

30
Q

causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A
acetazolamide
acidifying agents
cholestyramine
GI bicarbonate loss (diarrhea)
chloride retention (renal acidosis)