Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TOXICOLOGY > Atineoplastic > Flashcards

Atineoplastic Flashcards

1
Q

BSA formula

A

square root of kg x cm /3600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which drugs are the intrathecal route absolutely contraindicated

A

vinca alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alkylating agents MOA

A

inhibit dna replication by causing cross linking and abnormal base pairing of the dna strands
reactive alkyl groups form a highly electrophilic immonium ion which can bind covalently to any nucloephilic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

resistance mechanisms to alkylating agents

A

increased ability to repair dna lesion
decreased permeability to the agents
increased production of glutathione which reacts with the alkylating agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adverse effects of alkylating agents

A

myelosupression
NV
alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what results of myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression)

A

neutropenia (decreased WBC)

thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets), anemia (decreased RBC) - not as common due to long lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

examples of alkylating agents

A

nitrogen mustards
alkl sulfonates
nitrosoureas
triazenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antimetabolites MOA

A

structural analogues of naturally occuring substrates for biochemical reactions
act as false substitues in the production of nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examples of antimetabolites

A

folic acid analogs - methotrexate
purine analogs - mercaptopurine
pyrimidine analogs - 5FU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antibiotics MOA

A

intercalation of sliding between DNA base pairs and inhibiting DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of antibiotics

A

anthracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of plant alkaloids

A

vinca alkaloids
podophyllotoxins
taxanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

onset and recovery of myelosuppression

A

onset 7-10day
lowest counts seen 10-14d after tx
recovery takes 2-3 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is filgrastim

A

growth factor that increases the rate neutrophil count recovers
may prevent febrile neutropenia and allow chemo to continue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

promotes production of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acute nausea

A

symptoms begin in 1-2 hrs, peak in 4-6 and subside after 12-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cause of acute nausea

A

stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone through serotonin release

18
Q

treatment of acute nausea

A

ondansetron combined with dexamethasone

19
Q

anticipitory nausea

A

triggered by stimuli associaated with the therapy

conditioned response

20
Q

management of anticipatory nausea

A

erlexation techniques
aromatherapy
lorazepam
ensure good acute phase control to prevent

21
Q

delayed nausea

A

begins 24hr post chemo
persist for 2-5d
usually with highly emetogenic drugs like cisplatin

22
Q

3 effects due to the mucous membranes containing rapidly dividing cells

A

diarrhea
mucositis
extravasation

23
Q

timeline of alopecia

A

begins 7-10d after tx
peaks in 1-2 mon
regrows about a month after tx stopped
often new hair is diff in color and texture

24
Q

signs and sx of pulmonary toxicity

A

SOB

non productive cough

25
Q

agent causing pulmonary toxicity

A

bleomycin

26
Q

cause of pulmonary toxicity

A

direct cytotoxic effects on pul monary epithelium and subsequent fibrosis

27
Q

cause of cardiac toxicity

A

tissue damage from teh generation of free radicals while also suppression of the enzymes which protect the cells from free radical damage

28
Q

acute vs chronic cardiac toxicity

A

acute - transient electrocardiograph abnormalities

chronic - irreversible congestive heart failure

29
Q

drugs associated with cardiac toxicity

A

anthrycycline
doxorubicin
increased with increasing cumulative lifetime dose

30
Q

cadioprotective drug

A

dexrazoxane

31
Q

neurological effects with vinca alkaloids is related to

A

total cumulative dose

age >40

32
Q

agents associated with neurotoxic adverse effects

A

vinca alkaloids

cisplatin, carboplatin

33
Q

neurotoxic adverse effects

A

numbness of hands and feet
gait disturbance
severe motor weakness
maybe reversibile if drug stopped early enough

34
Q

ototoxicity seen with

A

cisplatin

35
Q

neurotoxicity of platinum compounds due to

A

demyelination

36
Q

drugs causing nephrotoxicity

A

cisplatin
ifosfamide
methotrexate

37
Q

hwo to reduce nephrotoxicity

A

aggressively hydrating tha patient prior to treatemtn
IV admin of annitol an osmotic diuretic
will make pt pee more so drug not in kidney

38
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis associated wiht

A

cyclophosphamide

ifosfamide

39
Q

prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis

A

aggressive hydration prior to treatment

admin of mensa which binds to the active metabolite acrolein

40
Q

permanent or temporary infertility associated with

A

cyclophosphamide
chlorambucil
mechlorethamine
melphlan

41
Q

category X in pregnancy

A

methotrexate

42
Q

sources of medication errors

A

prescription and ordering process
compounding/dispensing
storage and administration

TOXICOLOGY (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions