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10. NMSP Exam 1 > Drugs of Abuse (Iszard) > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse (Iszard) Flashcards

1
Q

Abstinence syndrome

A

The signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

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2
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health, formerly termed psychological dependence

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3
Q

Controlled substance

A

Drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on governmental schedules of controlled substances. Such schedules categorize illicit drugs, control prescribing practices and mandate penalties for illegal possession, manufacture and sale of listed drugs

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4
Q

Dependence

A

A state categorized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered, formerly physical dependence

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5
Q

Designer drug

A

A synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure but no major change in pharmacodynamic action. Circumvention of the schedule of controlled drugs is a motivation for making

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6
Q

Tolerance

A

A decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same eff3ct

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7
Q

Sensitization

A

An increase in response with repetition of the same dose of drug

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8
Q

Withdrawal

A

Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated… withdraw is the evidence of physical dependence

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9
Q

Schedule 1 drug criteria and examples

A

Criteria: no medical use, high addiction potential

Examples: flunitrazepam, heroin, LSD, PCP, MDMA

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10
Q

Schedule II drug criteria and examples

A

Criteria: medical use, high addiction potential

Examples: amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, strong opioids

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11
Q

Schedule III drug criteria and examples

A

Criteria: medical use, moderate abuse potential

Examples: anabolic steroids, barbiturates, ketamine, moderate opiate agonists

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12
Q

Schedule IV drug criteria and examples

A

Criteria: medical use, low abuse potential

Examples: benzodiazepines, mild stimulants, most hypnotics, weak opioids

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13
Q

Duration of symptoms EtOH

A

Approx 1 hours per each serving

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14
Q

Duration of symptoms tobacco

A

20 minutes

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15
Q

duration of symptoms Marijuana

A

2 to 4 hours

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16
Q

Duration of symptoms inhalants

A

5 minutes to 8 hours

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17
Q

Duration of symptoms stimulants

A

5 minutes to 12 hours

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18
Q

Duration of symptoms depressants

A

1 to 16 hours

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19
Q

Duration of symptoms hallucinogens

A

5 minutes to 12 hours

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20
Q

Duration of symptoms narcotics

A

4 to 24 hours

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21
Q

Duration of symptoms PCP

A

4 to 6 hours

22
Q

Overdose effects of amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine

A

Agitation, HTN, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death

23
Q

Withdrawal symptoms amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine

A

Apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, disorientation, depression

24
Q

Overdose effects barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol

A

Slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, clammy skin, shallow respiration, coma, death

25
Q

Withdrawal symptoms barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol

A

Anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremor, seizures, death

26
Q

Overdose effects of heroin and other strong opioids

A

Constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, death

27
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of heroin and other strong opioids

A

Nausea, chills,cramps, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor

28
Q

Long term effect of PCP

A

May lead to irreversible schizophrenia-like psychosis

29
Q

Long term effect of LSD

A

Can cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption

30
Q

Caffeine uses (6)

A

Most commonly: mental alertness, treat migraine HA, treat HA after epidural anesthesia, asthma, ADHD, memory

31
Q

How much EtOH does a standard drink contain

A

0.6 ounces

32
Q

What is considered binge drinking for women

A

4 or more drinks on a single occasion

33
Q

What is considered binge drinking for men

A

For men, 5 or more drinks during a single occasion

34
Q

What is considered heavy drinking for women

A

8 or more drinks a week

35
Q

What is considered heavy drinking for men

A

15 or more drinks per week

36
Q

Enzyme for the conversion of alcohol —> acetalaldehyde

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

37
Q

Enzyme for the conversion of acetaldehyde —> acetic acid

A

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

38
Q

What order of kinetics is alcohol metabolism?

A

Zero order kinetics

39
Q

What does zero order kinetics mean?

A

Rate remains constant and is independent of concentration or amount of chemical (biological system is rate limiting factor)

***t1/2 increases with dose

40
Q

What type of metabolism primarily processes EtOH?

A

Ethanol undergoes extensive first pass metabolism

41
Q

How much EtOH can the average adult process in one hour?

A

7-10g of alcohol per hour or approximately one drink

42
Q

What is used to treat methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Ethanol

43
Q

Treat acute EtOH Intoxication (3)

A

1) monitor respiratory depression and aspiration on vomitus
2) glucose for hypoglycemia and ketosis
3) thiamine to protect from wernicke-korsakoff

44
Q

Treat acute EtOH withdrawal (3)

A
  • benzodiazepines
  • thiamine therapy
  • electrolyte rebalancing
45
Q

Primary treatment for EtOH dependence

A

Psychosocial therapy

46
Q

Naltrexone use

A

Approved for treatment of alcohol and opiate dependence

47
Q

Naltrexone MOA

A

Mu opioid receptor antagonists (long-acting); reduces craving

48
Q

What happens if a person is not opioid free before initiating naltrexone?

A

Naltrexone use will precipitate acute withdrawal syndrome

49
Q

Acamprosate MOA/use

A

Weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABAa receptor agonist; reduces short and long- term EtOH relapse rates

50
Q

Disulfiram MOA

A

Irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcoholic beverages

51
Q

Disulfiram special instructions

A

Should not be administered with any medications that contain alcohol (cough syrup, cold preparations, mouthwashes)

52
Q

Who is disulfiram indicated for

A

Patients with EtOH addiction who are highly motivated to quit

10. NMSP Exam 1 (20 decks)

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