Drugs for Thyroid Disorders (Part 02)

Question 1

Four (4) Drug/s for Hypothyroidism

Answer 1

1. Levothyroxine
2. Liothyronine
3. Liotrix
4. Dessicated Thyroid

Question 2

It should be taken 30 min before or 1 hr after meals. A long half-life.

Answer 2

Levothyroxine

Question 3

Brand Name/s of Levothyroxine

Answer 3

1. Eltroxin
2. Euthyrox
3. Levoxyl
4. Levothroid
5. Synthroid

Question 4

A synthetic T3. Used for emergency states of hypothyroidism. A faster acting but has shorter half-life and is more expensive. Not used alone for long term treatment because of increase risk for cardiac side effect.

Answer 4

Liothyronine

Question 5

Brand Name/s of Liothyronine

Answer 5

1. Cytomel
2. Triostat

Question 6

A fixed ratio preparation. The T3 component proved unnecessary (because T4 is metabolized to T3). T3 component is also disadvantageous because of T3-induced adverse effects.

Answer 6

Liotrix

Question 7

From animal source. A ratio of T3 and T4 varies with the animal source.

Answer 7

Desiccated Thyroid

Question 8

Ratio of Thyroglobulin

Answer 8

2:1

Question 9

Ratio of Pork

Answer 9

2–3:1

Question 10

Ratio of Beef

Answer 10

4:1

Question 11

Anti-Thyroid Drugs

Answer 11

1. Thioamides
2. Inorganic Anions
3. Iodides
4. Iodinated Contrast Dye
5. Beta Blockers and Glucocorticoids
6. Radioactive Iodine

Question 12

It inhibit the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (inhibit organification and coupling). It blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (PTU). Since the synthesis rather than the release of hormones is affected, the onset of these agents is slow, often requiring 3-4 weeks before stores of T4 are depleted.

Answer 12

Thioamides

Question 13

Drug/s under Thioamides

Answer 13

1. Propylthiouracil
2. Methimazole (Tapazole, Tapdin)
3. Carbimazole

Question 14

A/E of Thioamides

Answer 14

1. Maculopapular Rash
2. Agranulocytosis
3. Hepatitis (PTU)
4. Cholestatic Jaundice (Methimazole)
5. Vasculitis

Question 15

It blocks the uptake of iodide by the gland by competitive inhibition. Effects can be overcome by large doses of iodides. Useful for iodide-induced hyperthyroidism (amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism).

Answer 15

Inorganic Anions

Question 16

Drug/s under Inorganic Anions

Answer 16

1. K Perchlorate
2. K Thiocyanate

Question 17

A/E of Inorganic Anions

Answer 17

Aplastic Anemia

Question 18

It acutely blocks release of thyroid hormone from the gland by inhibiting thyroglobulin proteolysis (> 6 mg daily). It inhibit iodide organification.

Answer 18

Iodides

Question 19

Drug/s under Iodides

Answer 19

1. Strong Iodine Solution (Lugol’s)
2. lodone
3. KISS (Potassium lodide Saturated Solution)

Question 20

Chronic use of Iodides in pregnancy should be avoided because it can cause __________.

Answer 20

Fetal Goiter

Question 21

A/E of Iodides

Answer 21

Acneiform Rash

Question 22

It inhibits conversion of T4 to T3 in the liver, kidney, brain and pituitary. The inhibition of hormone release. Useful in thyroid storms (adjunctive therapy).

Answer 22

Iodinated Contrast Dye

Question 23

Drug/s under Iodinated Contrast Dye

Answer 23

1. Ipodate (Oragrafin)
2. Iopanoic Acid (Telepaque)
3. Diatrizoate (Hypaque)

Question 24

It inhibits T4 and T3.

Answer 24

Beta Blockers and Glucocorticoids

Question 25

Drug/s under Beta Blockers and Glucocorticoids

Answer 25

1. Propranolol
2. Metoprolol
3. Atenolol
4. Prednisone

Question 26

Trapped within the gland and enter intracellularly and delivers strong beta radiations destroying follicular cells.

Answer 26

Radioactive Iodine

Question 27

The only isotope used in treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

Answer 27

(I 131) Sodium Iodide 131

Question 28

Two (2) Adjunct Therapy

Answer 28

1. Diltiazem
2. Barbiturates

Question 29

90-120 mg three or four times daily, can be used to control tachycardia in patients in whom blockers are contraindicated, such as those with asthma.

Answer 29

Diltiazem

Question 30

It accelerate T4 breakdown (by hepatic enzyme induction) and may be helpful both as sedatives and to lower T4 levels.

Answer 30

Barbiturates