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PCOL FINALS > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

He discovered P. notatum in 1929.

A

Fleming

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2
Q

They isolated and introduced penicillins in therapy in 1938.

A

Florey and Chain

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3
Q

They discovered that anthrax culture were killed by another living organism.

A

Pasteur and Joubert

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4
Q

Substance produced by microorganisms which has the capacity to inhibit even destroy other microorganism.

A

Antibiotics

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5
Q

A product of metabolism. Synthetic product produced by living organism. Effective in low concentration.

A

Antibiotics

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6
Q

An agent that either kills or inhibits the growth of microorganism. All are drugs.

A

Antibiotic

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7
Q

Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their ability to reproduce. Some are not drugs, e.g., soaps and detergents.

A

Antibacterial

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8
Q

It kill or slow the spread of microorganisms. Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi.

A

Antimicrobial

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9
Q

Two (2) Classification of Antibiotics (According to Spectrum of Activity)

A
  1. Narrow Spectrum
  2. Broad Spectrum
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10
Q

The drugs that only act on one kind or one strain of bacteria. It act against limited group of bacteria and are used against particular subset of microorganisms.

A

Narrow Spectrum

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11
Q

The drugs that have wide antimicrobial scope. It act against larger group of bacteria and are active against both gram positive and gram negative organisms.

A

Broad Spectrum

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12
Q

Two (2) Classification of Antibiotics (According to Action)

A
  1. Bacteriostatic
  2. Bactericidal
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13
Q

Drugs which arrest the growth and replication of bacteria at serum urine levels achievable in the patient, thus limiting the spread of infection until the immune system attacks, immobilizes, and eliminates the pathogen.

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

Drugs which kill bacteria at drug serum levels achievable in the patient.

A

Bactericidal

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15
Q

Two (2) Resistance of Antibiotics

A
  1. Drug Resistance
  2. Cross Resistance
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16
Q

The susceptibility of pathogenic MOs to drugs becomes lower or even loses after contact with the drug many times.

A

Drug Resistance

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17
Q

When the bacteria show resistance to one drug, they are also resistant to some other drugs.

A

Cross Resistance

18
Q

Three (3) Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

A
  1. Beta Lactams
  2. Glycopeptides
  3. Bacitracin
19
Q

A beta lactam ring produces an inactive __________.

A

Penicilloic Acid

20
Q

An endotoxin like substance released by microorganism after death during antibiotic treatment.

A

Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction

21
Q

Two (2) Penicillinases (According to Enzymatic Inactivation of Beta Lactams)

A
  1. B-Lactamases
  2. Acylases
22
Q

These are group of enzymes specifically designed to degrade and inactivate beta lactam antibiotics by directly attacking the beta lactam bond which leads to ring opening and inactivating the antibiotic.

A

B-Lactamases

23
Q

These are also the variety enzymes that have been isolated from some bacteria, and these enzymes cleave the acylamino sidechain of the antibiotic.

A

Acylases

24
Q

Four (4) Classifications of Penicillins

A
  1. Natural Penicillins
  2. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins
  3. Aminopenicillins
  4. Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins
25
Q

These are natural penicillins which are highly active against gram positive cocci.

A

Pen G and Pen V

26
Q

__________ may be due to water, alkaline or acid enzymes.

A

Degradation

27
Q

It is also known as Antistaphylococcal Penicillins. These are less potent against bacteria that do not produce beta lactamase, but are effective against those that do. They are sufficiently acid stable to be taken orally.

A

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins

28
Q

Five (5) Examples of Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins

A
  1. Methicillin
  2. Nafcillin

Isoxazolyl Penicillins:
3. Oxacillin
4. Cloxacillin
5. Dicloxacillin

29
Q

__________ may cause nephrotoxicity and interstitial nephritis.

A

Methicillin

30
Q

__________ may be hepatotoxic.

A

Oxacillin

31
Q

It is also known as Broad Spectrum Penicillin. An antimicrobial activity include such gram negative microorganisms such as H. influenzae, E. coli, and P. mirabilis.

A

Aminopenicillin

32
Q

Four (4) Examples of Aminopenicillin

A
  1. Ampicillin
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. Cyclacillin
  4. Bacampicillin
33
Q

__________ and __________ are the most commonly associated with drug-induced rash and diarrhea.

A

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

34
Q

__________ is equivalent in activity to Pen G, widely used for out-patients for uncomplicated community-acquired UTI.

A

Ampicillin

35
Q

It is also known as Extended-Spectrum Penicillin. Activity is extended against Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Proteus sp., Klebsiela sp. and other gram negative microorganisms.

A

Antipseudomonal Penicillin

36
Q

Four (4) Examples of Antipseudomonal Penicillin

A

Carboxypenicillins:
1. Carbenicillin
2. Ticarcillin

Ureidopenicillins:
3. Mezlocillin
4. Piperacillin

37
Q

Used to produced synergistic activity against resistant strains. Inhibits the enzymes that inactivates or hydrolyzes the lactam ring resulting to inactivation.

A

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

38
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid

A

Augmentin

39
Q

Ampicillin + Sulbactam

A

Unasyn

40
Q

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

A

Piptaz

PCOL FINALS (9 decks)

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