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PCOL FINALS > Classification of Antivirals > Flashcards

Classification of Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Act by blocking H+ channel formed by viral M2 protein (ion channel) inhibiting the uncoating process.

A

Uncoating Inhibitors

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2
Q

Drug/s under Uncoating Inhibitors

A
  1. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
  2. Rimantadine (Flumadine)
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3
Q

This is effective only for Influenza A Virus. It has low therapeutic value and is indicated for prophylaxis.

A
  1. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
  2. Rimantadine (Flumadine)
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4
Q

Two (2) Classifications of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

A
  1. DNA Polymerase Inhibitors
  2. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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5
Q

Three (3) Types of DNA Polymerase Inhibitors

A
  1. Purine Analogs
  2. Pyrimidine Analogs
  3. Non-Nucleoside
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6
Q

Drug/s under Purine Analogs

A
  1. Vidarabine (Vira-A)
  2. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
  3. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
  4. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
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7
Q

An adenosine analog, and is obtained by fermentation with strains of Streptomyces antibioticus.

A

Vidarabine (Vira-A)

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8
Q

An acyclic guanosine derivative. Uninfected cells are not affected by the drug.

A

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

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9
Q

The L-valyl ester of acyclovir. It is rapidly converted to acyclovir after oral administration, achieving serum levels three to five times greater than those achieved with oral acyclovir. Treatment of herpes zoster (shingles).

A

Valacyclovir (Valtrex)

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10
Q

An acyclic guanosine analog. Against CMV is up to 100 times greater than that of acyclovir.

A

Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

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11
Q

Drug/s under Pyrimidine Analogs

A
  1. Idoxuridine (Stoxil, Herplex)
  2. Cytarabine (Ara C, Tarabine)
  3. Trifluridine (Viroptic)
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12
Q

The iodinated analog of thymidine that inhibits replication of several DNA viruses in vitro. Inhibits replication of several DNA viruses.

A

Idoxuridine (Stoxil, Herplex)

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13
Q

A pyrimidine nucleoside drug that is related to idoxuridine. Tx of herpes zoster (shingles), herpatic keratitis and viral infections resistant to idoxuridine.

A

Cytarabine (Ara C, Tarabine)

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14
Q

A fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside. It inhibits Viral DNA Synthesis.

A

Trifluridine (Viroptic)

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15
Q

Drug/s under Non-Nucleoside

A
  1. Foscarnet (Foscavir)
  2. Cidofovir (Vistide)
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16
Q

An inorganic pyrophosphate compound. Inhibit viral DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and HIV reverse transcriptase directly, without activation by phosphorylation.

A

Foscarnet (Foscavir)

17
Q

A phosphonic acid derivative. Inhibitor of DNA Polymerase of CMV. It possesses high therapeutic index against CMV and has been approved for treating CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS.

A

Cidofovir (Vistide)

18
Q

Two (2) Types of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

A
  1. Nucleoside Analogs
  2. Non-Nucleoside Analogs
19
Q

Drug/s under Nucleoside Analogs

A
  1. Zidovudine (Retrovir)
  2. Didanosine (Videx)
  3. Zalcitabine
  4. Stavudine
  5. Lamivudine
  6. Ribavirin
20
Q

A thymidine analog (also known as AZT). A chain terminator. It decrease the rate of clinical disease progression and prolong survival.

A

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

21
Q

A synthetic analog of adenosine. It acts synergistically with AZT.

A

Didanosine (Videx)

22
Q

A cytosine analog. Anti-HIV-1 and 2 including strains resistant to AZT.

A

Zalcitabine

23
Q

This is the active metabolite of Zalcitabine.

A

Dideoxycytidine-5’-Triphosphate (ddCTP)

24
Q

A thymidine analog (d4T). It is not used with AZT because AZT may reduce the phosphorylation of d4T.

A

Stavudine

25
Q

Against HIV-1, synergistic with the variety of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs, including zidovudine and stavudine. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.

A

Lamivudine

26
Q

To interfere with the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate, to inhibit capping of viral messenger RNA, and to inhibit the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of certain viruses.

A

Ribavirin

27
Q

Drug/s under Non-Nucleoside Analogs

A
  1. Nevirapine (Viramune)
  2. Delavirdine (Rescriptor)
  3. Efavirenz (Sustiva)
28
Q

Bind directly to the site on the viral reverse transcriptase that is near to but distinct from the binding site of the NRTIs. Neither compete with nucleoside triphosphates nor require phosphorylation to be active.

A

Non-Nucleoside Analogs

29
Q

Drug/s under Viral Entry and Fusion Inhibitors

A
  1. Enfuvirtide SQ
  2. Maraviroc
  3. Docosanol 10% Cream
30
Q

A fusion / attachment inhibitor. It binds to the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein preventing the conformational changes required for the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes.

A

Enfuvirtide SQ

PCOL FINALS (9 decks)

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