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PCOL FINALS > Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus (Part 02) > Flashcards

Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus (Part 02) Flashcards

1
Q

One of the hormone produce in the pancreas. It consists of approximately 1 million Islets of Langerhans.

A

Insulin

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2
Q

Precursor of Insulin

A

Pro Insulin

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3
Q

Used in patients who present initially with very high blood glucose levels, especially with weight loss. Used in patients who have failed to respond oral therapy.

A

Insulin Preparations

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4
Q

Three (3) Types of Insulin Preparations

A
  1. Based on Source
  2. Based on the Use
  3. Based on Duration of Action
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5
Q

Based on Source

A
  1. Animal Source
  2. Recombinant Insulin
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6
Q

These are more immunogenic. It can cause hypersensitivity reactions. It is already obsolete.

A

Bovine Insulin and Porcine Insulin

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7
Q

A technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert the human gene into the genetic material of common bacterium.

A

Recombinant DNA

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8
Q

It is less immunogenic type of insulin based on source.

A

Recombinant Insulin

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9
Q

Example/s of Recombinant Insulin

A
  1. Native Insulin
    • Human Insulin
    • NPH / Isophane Insulin
    • Insulin Zn Suspension
  2. Modified Insulin
    • Lispro
    • Aspart
    • Gluisine
    • Glargine
    • Detemir
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10
Q

Based on the Use

A
  1. Basal Insulin
  2. Demand Insulin
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11
Q

Given to provide glucose control over 24 hours. An intermediate long acting.

A

Basal Insulin

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12
Q

Given to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia (short acting).

A

Demand Insulin

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13
Q

Based on Duration of Action

A
  1. Short Acting with Rapid Onset Insulin
  2. Intermediate Acting Insulin
  3. Long Acting with Slow Onset Insulin
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14
Q

Three (3) Examples of Short Acting with Rapid Onset Insulin

A
  1. Regular Insulin
    • Onset: 30 min
    • Peak: 2-3 hr
    • Duration: 5-8 hr
  2. Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
    • Onset: 5-15 min
    • Peak: 1 hr
    • Duration: 3-5 hr
  3. Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
    • Onset: 10-20 min
    • Peak: 1 hr
    • Duration: 3-5 hr
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15
Q

A short-acting soluble crystalline zinc insulin. This is the only insulin administered IV. Used in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis and when the insulin requirement is changing rapidly, such as after surgery or during acute infections.

A

Regular Insulin

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16
Q

Four (4) Examples of Intermediate Acting Insulin

A
  1. Lente (Monatard)
  2. NPH (Humulin N, Insulatard)
  3. Protamine Lispro
  4. Protamine Aspart
17
Q

70% Ultralente and 30% Semilente

A

Lente (Monatard)

18
Q

It contains insulin and protamine (no excess of protamine).

A

NPH (Humulin N, Insulatard)

19
Q

This helps control nocturnal hepatic glucose production. Starting the day with lower morning glucose levels will improve glucose tolerance throughout the day.

A

Intermediate Acting Insulin

20
Q

Four (4) Examples of Long Acting with Slow Onset Insulin

A
  1. Ultralente
  2. PZI (Protamine Zinc Insulin)
  3. Insulin Glargine (Lantus)
  4. Insulin Determir
21
Q

It is also known as “Peak Less Insulin”

A

Insulin Glargine (Lantus)

22
Q

It is known to play major role in the stabilization of insulin hexamers and in the pancreatic storage of insulin because it can enhance insulin binding to hepatocyte membranes.

A

Zinc

23
Q

(T/F): Drug treatment should be added only when diet, physical activity and education have not achieved individual treatment targets.

A

T

24
Q

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAs)

A
  1. Insulin Releasers / Secretagogues
  2. Insulin Sensitizers
25
Q

Two (2) Examples of Insulin Releasers / Secretagogues

A
  1. Sulfonylureas
  2. Meglitinides
26
Q

The 1st line drug treatment in type 2 DM patients who are not very obese. It stimulates insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells.

A

Sulfonylureas

27
Q

Two (2) Types of Sulfonylureas

A
  1. First Generation
  2. Second Generation
28
Q

A less potent and more A/Es.

A

First Generation Sulfonylureas

29
Q

Drug/s under First Generation Sulfonylureas

A
  1. Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
  2. Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
  3. Tolbutamide (Orinase)
  4. Tolazamide
30
Q

A more potent and less A/Es.

A

Second Generation Sulfonylureas

31
Q

Drug/s under Second Generation Sulfonylureas

A
  1. Glibenclamide (Euglucon)
  2. Gliclazide (Diamicron)
  3. Glimepiride (Solosa)
  4. Glipizide (Glucotrol)
  5. Glyburide
32
Q

Binding closes the linked ATP-sensitive potassium channels, which leads to decreased potassium influx and subsequent depolarization of the beta-cell membrane. The voltage-dependent calcium channels open and result in an influx of calcium, causing translocation and exocytosis of secretory granules of insulin to the cell surface (insulin releaser).

A

Meglitinides

33
Q

Drug/s under Meglitinides

A
  1. Repaglinide (Prandin, Novonorm)
  2. Nateglinide (Starlix)
34
Q

Two (2) Examples of Insulin Sensitizers

A
  1. Biguanides
  2. Thiazolidinediones
35
Q

It is also known as “Euglycemic Agents”; It enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in the liver and muscles.

A

Biguanides

PCOL FINALS (9 decks)

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