Drugs for Men's Health and Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

male sex hormones, affect sexual processes, accessory sexual organs, cellular
metabolism, and bone and muscle growth.

Answer 1

androgens

Question 2

the main androgen, is synthesized
primarily in the testes and to a lesser extent in the adrenal cortex.

Answer 2

testosterone

Question 3

normal plasma concentrations of testosterone in men

Answer 3

250 - 1000 mg/dl

Question 4

occurs when there is insufficient testosterone production by the testes. Hypogonadism can be
primary, reflecting testicular abnormality, or secondary, reflecting hypothalamic or pituitary
failure

(indication of androgen therapy)

Answer 4

hypogonadism

Question 5

occurs when there is insufficient testosterone production by the testes. Hypogonadism can be
primary, reflecting testicular abnormality, or secondary, reflecting hypothalamic or pituitary
failure

Answer 5

hypogonadism

Question 6

Artificial induction of puberty is undertaken after boys reach 15 to 17 years of age.
Hypothalamic and pituitary function is assessed. A 4- to 6-month trial of androgen therapy is
implemented, followed by a period of rest for reevaluation. If prolonged therapy is required, what medication is given?

Answer 6

transdermal patches
testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate

starting - 100 mg IM every
2 weeks for 6-12 months

increase to 200 mg every 2 weeks.

Question 7

delay of bone growth

The cause may be a deficiency of growth hormone, which can be associated with androgen
deficiency, or it may be solely androgen deficiency. Treatment is not initiated before the age of
14 years. Therapy for 3 to 6 months or less before epiphyseal closure may result in linear growth
without adverse permanent effects on hypothalamic, pituitary, or gonadal maturation. It is not
known whether treatment has an effect on final adult height.

Answer 7

Constitutional Growth Delay

Question 8

const. growth delay treatment

an orally
active testosterone analog, is effective for treating boys. stimulates the onset of
puberty. It is classified as an anabolic steroid and is regulated as such.

Answer 8

Oxandrolone

0.1mg/kg

Question 9

Other uses of androgens include treatment of
— in men and
women, the geriditary autosomal clotting disorder angioneurotic edema, tissue wasting
associated with severe or chronic illness, advanced carcinoma of the breast in women, and
endometriosis.

Answer 9

refractory anemias

Question 10

side effects of androgen therapy

Answer 10

abdominal pain, nausea, insomnia, diarrhea or
constipation, hives or redness at the injection site, increased salivation, mouth soreness, and
increased or decreased sexual desire.

Question 11

contraindications of androgen therapy

Answer 11

pregnancy
individuals with nephrosis or nephrotic phase of nephritis
hypercalcemia
pituitary insufficiency, hepatic dysfunction,
benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostate cancer

history of myocardial infarction

Question 12

androgen drug interactions

Answer 12

potentiates the effects of oral anticoagulants

antagonize calcitonin and parathyroid hormones

decrease blood glucose in clients with diabetes

Barbiturates, phenytoin, and phenylbutazone
decrease the effects of androgens.

Question 13

decreases the effects of androgen

Answer 13

Barbiturates, phenytoin, and phenylbutazone

Question 14

are synthetic derivatives of testosterone developed to maximize the anabolic
effects of androgens and to minimize their androgenic effects. Testosterone precursors available
as
supplements
include
androstenediol,
androstenedione,
and
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). A

Answer 14

Anabolic Steroids

Question 15

effects of anabolic steroids

Answer 15

Anabolic steroids increase strength and power, and
artificially enhanced strength and power can lead to changes in performance. Sudden dramatic
increase in weight gain and body size, increased acne, and changes in mood and behavior can
be signs of anabolic steroid use. Individuals using anabolic steroids may become more
aggressive and physical.

Question 16

side effects of anabolic steroids

Answer 16

Side effects include water retention, which overloads the kidneys, and
cardiovascular damage such as cardiomyopathy and stroke. There can also be hapatic
problems, because anabolic steroids tend to lower HDL (good) cholesterol.

Question 17

two other steroids

Answer 17

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG,
Pregnyl, Novarel, Ovidrel)

tetrahydrogestrinone (THG).

Question 18

a
hormone used to treat infertility; it also stimulates testosterone production.

Answer 18

hcg

Question 19

a potent androgen developed to escape urine detection;
not approved by the FDA and not legally marketed

Answer 19

tetrahydrogestrinone

Question 20

or androgen antagonists, block the synthesis or action of androgens. These
drugs may be useful in the management of benign prostatic hypertrophy and carcinoma of the
prostate. They have been used to treat male-pattern baldness, acne, hirsutism, virilisation
syndrome in women, and precocious puberty in boys, although their effectiveness is not well
established.

Answer 20

antiandrogens

Question 21

is the most
effective inhibitor of testosterone synthesis.

Answer 21

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

leuprolide

Question 22

an antimycotic, is used for treatment of prostatic
carcinoma because of its inhibition of adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis.

Answer 22

ketoconazole

Question 23

Two types of drugs have been developed to block testosterone action

Answer 23

androgen-receptor antagonist

dihydrotestosterone

Question 24

an orally active progesterone, is a potent androgen
antagonist. It also suppresses LH and FSH secretion and has progestational qualities

Answer 24

cyproterone acetate

Question 25

is a nonsteroidal drug that competes with androgens and androgen
receptor sites. Men receiving this show elevations in plasma LH and testosterone levels.

Answer 25

Flutamide (Eulexin)

Question 26

Finasteride, a steroid, inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. This orally active agent decreases the concentration of dihydrotestosterone in plasma and in the prostate without elevated plasma concentrations of LH or testosterone. Finasteride is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Women of childbearing potential should not be exposed

Answer 26

Finasteride

Question 27

primary treatment is orchidopexy (surgical placement of the testicle into the scrotum), which is
usually performed by the time the child is 18 months old.

Answer 27

orchidopexy

Question 28

a deficiency in thyroid hormone, can be the result of insufficient thyroid
hormone production or resistance to its effects at the target organs.

Answer 28

hypothyroidism

Question 29

inadequate pituitary function can result in hypogonadism

1 ampoule of __
which contains 75IU each of LH and FSH, can stimulate testosterone production when injected
IM three times a week over a period of years. Menotropin is indicated when bothe LH and FSH
levels are low. It is given concomitantly with hCG 2000 IU IM twice a week for at least 3 months.

Answer 29

Menotropins

Question 30

disease, there is a deficit of both cortisol and
mineralocorticoid aldosterone.

Answer 30

Addison’s disease

Question 31

(persistent inability to attain or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual
performance) may be caused by psychoemotional prob lems, diabetes, hypertension, lower
urinary tract symptoms, and history of pelvic surgery, vascular insufficiency, neurologic
disorders, androgen deficiency or resistance, or diseases of the penis.

Answer 31

erectile dysfunction

Question 32

(impaired ejection of seminal fluid from the urethra of the male)

Answer 32

ejaculatory dysfunction

Question 33

(reduction of penile swelling) is most commonly caused by penile diseases or systemic disease.

Answer 33

detumescence

Question 34

Erectile dysfunction caused by vascular insufficiency treatment

Answer 34

vasoactive drugs, including papaverine, phentolamine,
prostaglandin E, nitroglycerin, or yohimbine.

Question 35

facilitate erections by
enhancing blood flow to the penis.

Answer 35

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors
such as:

Sildenafil (Viagra)
Vardenafil (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)

Question 36

For men who do not respond to oral medications or in whom medications are contraindicated,
drugs for both intracavernous and other routes of administration are available.

Answer 36

Sublingual apomorphine (Uprima)

Phentolamine (Vasomax)