CNS DEPRESSANTS

Question 1

For sedation, sleep, or preanesthetic

Answer 1

Pentobarbital sodium
(Nembutal Sodium)

Question 2

To treat insomnia; used for sedation, preoperative medication

Answer 2

Secobarbital sodium
(Seconal Sodium)

Question 3

To relieve anxiety and as short-term hypnotic for insomnia. Avoid alcohol with all barbiturates.

Answer 3

Butabarbital sodium
(Butisol Sodium)

Question 4

To control convulsive episodes, agitation, anxiety, and delirium tremens

Answer 4

Mephobarbital
(Mebaral)

Question 5

For sedative or sleep. Used since mid-1800s. no hangover and less respiratory depression. Give with meals or fluids to prevent gastric irritation. Give 15-30 minutes before sleep.

Answer 5

Chloral hydrate

Question 6

Barbiturate-like drug. For sedation and sleep. Use no longer than 1 wk.

Answer 6

Ethchlorvynol
(Placidyl)

Question 7

Exhaled via the lungs. Strong odor and disagreeable taste. Seldom used today; has been used to control delirium tremens (DTs) in alcoholics. Can be used for drug poisoning and to control convulsions, such as status epilepticus.

Answer 7

Paraldehyde (Paral)

Question 8

For treatment of insomnia.

Answer 8

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

Question 9

For alleviating anxiety that may cause sleeplessness

Answer 9

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Question 10

New benzodiazepine hypnotic for treatment of insomnia. Should not be used for longer than 6 wk. decreases frequency of nocturnal awakening

Answer 10

Estazolam (ProSom)

Question 11

For insomnia.

Answer 11

Flurazepam HCl
(Dalmane)

Question 12

Used as preoperative sedative and to reduce anxiety.

Answer 12

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 13

To treat insomnia and decrease nocturnal awakenings. Avoid alcohol with this drug and all benzodiazepines

Answer 13

Quazepam (Dotal)

Question 14

To treat insomnia and decrease nocturnal awakenings. Also has sedative effects.

Answer 14

Temazepam (Restoril)

Question 15

For management of insomnia. Should not be used longer than 7-10 d at a time to avoid tolerance. Avoid alcohol and smoking when taking this.

Answer 15

Triazolam (Halcion)

Question 16

Management of benzodiazepine overdose or reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepines with general anesthetics.

Answer 16

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Question 17

Nonbenzodiazepines

Answer 17

Zolpidem tartrate
(Ambien)

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Zaleplon (Sonata)

Question 18

Highly flammable. Has no severe effect on the cardiovascular system or liver.

Answer 18

Ether

Question 19

Introduced in the 1950s. Highly potent anesthetic. Rapid recovery. Could decrease blood pressure. Has bronchodilator effect. Contraindicated in obstetrics.

Answer 19

Halothane
(Fluothane)

Question 20

Introduced in the 1960s. Used during labor. Drug dose is usally less than other anesthetics and does not suppress uterine contraction. Could cause hypotension. Contraindicated in renal disorders.

Answer 20

Methoxyflurane
(Penthrane)

Question 21

Introduced in 1970s. Similar to halothane. Can depress respiratory function; ventilator support may be necessary. Not to be used during labor, because uterine contractions may be suppressed. Avoid with clients with seizure disorders.

Answer 21

Enflurane
(Ethrane)

Question 22

Introduced in the 1980s. frequently used in inhalation therapy. Has a smooth and rapid induction of anesthesia and rapid recovery. Could cause hypotension and respiratory depression. Not to be used during labor, because it suppresses uterine contractions. Has minimal cardiovascular effect.

Answer 22

Isoflurane
(Forane)

Question 23

Introduced in 1992 as a volatile liquid anesthetic. Similar to isoflurane. Rapid recovery after anesthetic administration has ceased. Could cause hypotension and respiratory depression.

Answer 23

Desflurane
(Suprane)

Question 24

For induction and maintenance during surgery. May be given alone or combined with nitrous oxide. Rate of elimination similar to desflurane.

Answer 24

Sevoflurane
(Ultane)

Question 25

Rapid recovery. Has minimal cardiovascular effect. Should be given with oxygen. Low potency.

Answer 25

Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

Question 26

Highly flammable and explosive.

Answer 26

Cyclopropane

Question 27

Has short duration of action. Used for rapid induction of general surgery. Keep client war; shivering and tremors may occur. Can depress respiratory center; ventilatory assistance might be necessary.

Answer 27

Thiopental sodium (Pentothal)

Question 28

Has short duration. Frequently used for induction and with other drugs as part of balanced anesthesia. An inhalation anesthesia usually follows.

Answer 28

Methohexital sodium (Brevital sodium)

Question 29

Used for induction of anesthesia and as anesthesia for electroshock therapy.

Answer 29

Thiamylal sodium (Surital)

Question 30

For induction of anesthesia. No analgesic effect.

Answer 30

Diazepam (Valium)

Question 31

For induction of anesthesia and for endoscopic procedures. IV drug can cause conscious sedation. Avoid if cardiopulmonary disorder is present.

Answer 31

Midazolam (Versed)

Question 32

A neuroleptic analgesic when combined with fentanyl (potent opiate narcotic): Frequently used with a general anesthetic. Can also be used as a preanesthetic drug. Also used for diagnostic procedures. May cause hypotension and respiratory depression.

Answer 32

Droperidol and fentanyl (Innovar)

Question 33

Used for short-term surgery, for induction of anesthesia, or with a general anesthetic to maintain the anesthetic state.

Answer 33

Etomidate (Amidate)

Question 34

Used for short-term surgery or induction of anesthesia. Increases salivation, blood pressure, and heart rate. May be used for diagnostic procedures. Avoid with history of psychiatric disorders.

Answer 34

Ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar)

Question 35

For induction of anesthesia; may be used with general anesthesia. Short duration of action. May cause hypotension and respiratory depression. Pain can occur at injection site, so may be mixed with a local anesthetic (lidocaine) to decrease pain.

Answer 35

Propofol (Diprivan)

Question 36

Short Acting (1/2-1 h) Local Anesthetics

Answer 36

Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine) Ester For infiltration, caudal, and epidural anesthesia. Onset of action 6-12 min Procaine HCl (Novocain) Ester Introduced in 1905. For nerve block, infiltration, epidural, and spinal anesthesias. Useful in dentistry. Caution in use for clients allergic to ester-type anesthetics

Question 37

Moderate Acting (1-3 h)