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Pharmacology > CNS DEPRESSANTS > Flashcards

CNS DEPRESSANTS Flashcards

1
Q

For sedation, sleep, or preanesthetic

A

Pentobarbital sodium
(Nembutal Sodium)

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2
Q

To treat insomnia; used for sedation, preoperative medication

A

Secobarbital sodium
(Seconal Sodium)

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3
Q

To relieve anxiety and as short-term hypnotic for insomnia. Avoid alcohol with all barbiturates.

A

Butabarbital sodium
(Butisol Sodium)

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4
Q

To control convulsive episodes, agitation, anxiety, and delirium tremens

A

Mephobarbital
(Mebaral)

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5
Q

For sedative or sleep. Used since mid-1800s. no hangover and less respiratory depression. Give with meals or fluids to prevent gastric irritation. Give 15-30 minutes before sleep.

A

Chloral hydrate

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6
Q

Barbiturate-like drug. For sedation and sleep. Use no longer than 1 wk.

A

Ethchlorvynol
(Placidyl)

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7
Q

Exhaled via the lungs. Strong odor and disagreeable taste. Seldom used today; has been used to control delirium tremens (DTs) in alcoholics. Can be used for drug poisoning and to control convulsions, such as status epilepticus.

A

Paraldehyde (Paral)

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8
Q

For treatment of insomnia.

A

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

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9
Q

For alleviating anxiety that may cause sleeplessness

A

Alprazolam (Xanax)

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10
Q

New benzodiazepine hypnotic for treatment of insomnia. Should not be used for longer than 6 wk. decreases frequency of nocturnal awakening

A

Estazolam (ProSom)

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11
Q

For insomnia.

A

Flurazepam HCl
(Dalmane)

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12
Q

Used as preoperative sedative and to reduce anxiety.

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

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13
Q

To treat insomnia and decrease nocturnal awakenings. Avoid alcohol with this drug and all benzodiazepines

A

Quazepam (Dotal)

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14
Q

To treat insomnia and decrease nocturnal awakenings. Also has sedative effects.

A

Temazepam (Restoril)

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15
Q

For management of insomnia. Should not be used longer than 7-10 d at a time to avoid tolerance. Avoid alcohol and smoking when taking this.

A

Triazolam (Halcion)

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16
Q

Management of benzodiazepine overdose or reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepines with general anesthetics.

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

17
Q

Nonbenzodiazepines

A

Zolpidem tartrate
(Ambien)

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Zaleplon (Sonata)

18
Q

Highly flammable. Has no severe effect on the cardiovascular system or liver.

A

Ether

19
Q

Introduced in the 1950s. Highly potent anesthetic. Rapid recovery. Could decrease blood pressure. Has bronchodilator effect. Contraindicated in obstetrics.

A

Halothane
(Fluothane)

20
Q

Introduced in the 1960s. Used during labor. Drug dose is usally less than other anesthetics and does not suppress uterine contraction. Could cause hypotension. Contraindicated in renal disorders.

A

Methoxyflurane
(Penthrane)

21
Q

Introduced in 1970s. Similar to halothane. Can depress respiratory function; ventilator support may be necessary. Not to be used during labor, because uterine contractions may be suppressed. Avoid with clients with seizure disorders.

A

Enflurane
(Ethrane)

22
Q

Introduced in the 1980s. frequently used in inhalation therapy. Has a smooth and rapid induction of anesthesia and rapid recovery. Could cause hypotension and respiratory depression. Not to be used during labor, because it suppresses uterine contractions. Has minimal cardiovascular effect.

A

Isoflurane
(Forane)

23
Q

Introduced in 1992 as a volatile liquid anesthetic. Similar to isoflurane. Rapid recovery after anesthetic administration has ceased. Could cause hypotension and respiratory depression.

A

Desflurane
(Suprane)

24
Q

For induction and maintenance during surgery. May be given alone or combined with nitrous oxide. Rate of elimination similar to desflurane.

A

Sevoflurane
(Ultane)

25
Q

Rapid recovery. Has minimal cardiovascular effect. Should be given with oxygen. Low potency.

A

Nitrous oxide
(laughing gas)

26
Q

Highly flammable and explosive.

A

Cyclopropane

27
Q

Has short duration of action. Used for rapid induction of general surgery. Keep client war; shivering and tremors may occur. Can depress respiratory center; ventilatory assistance might be necessary.

A

Thiopental sodium
(Pentothal)

28
Q

Has short duration. Frequently used for induction and with other drugs as part of balanced anesthesia. An inhalation anesthesia usually follows.

A

Methohexital sodium
(Brevital sodium)

29
Q

Used for induction of anesthesia and as anesthesia for electroshock therapy.

A

Thiamylal sodium
(Surital)

30
Q

For induction of anesthesia. No analgesic effect.

A

Diazepam
(Valium)

31
Q

For induction of anesthesia and for endoscopic procedures. IV drug can cause conscious sedation. Avoid if cardiopulmonary disorder is present.

A

Midazolam
(Versed)

32
Q

A neuroleptic analgesic when combined with fentanyl (potent opiate narcotic): Frequently used with a general anesthetic. Can also be used as a preanesthetic drug. Also used for diagnostic procedures. May cause hypotension and respiratory depression.

A

Droperidol and fentanyl
(Innovar)

33
Q

Used for short-term surgery, for induction of anesthesia, or with a general anesthetic to maintain the anesthetic state.

A

Etomidate
(Amidate)

34
Q

Used for short-term surgery or induction of anesthesia. Increases salivation, blood pressure, and heart rate. May be used for diagnostic procedures. Avoid with history of psychiatric disorders.

A

Ketamine hydrochloride
(Ketalar)

35
Q

For induction of anesthesia; may be used with general anesthesia. Short duration of action. May cause hypotension and respiratory depression. Pain can occur at injection site, so may be mixed with a local anesthetic (lidocaine) to decrease pain.

A

Propofol
(Diprivan)

36
Q

Short Acting (1/2-1 h)

Local Anesthetics

A

Chloroprocaine
(Nesacaine)
Ester
For infiltration, caudal, and epidural anesthesia. Onset of action 6-12 min

Procaine HCl
(Novocain)
Ester
Introduced in 1905. For nerve block, infiltration, epidural, and spinal anesthesias. Useful in dentistry. Caution in use for clients allergic to ester-type anesthetics

37
Q

Moderate Acting (1-3 h)

A

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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