AUTONOMIC - ADRENERGICS Flashcards
mixed-acting sympathomimetic. This drug acts indirectly by stimulating the release of norepinephrine from the nerve terminals and acts directly on the alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-receptors.
Ephedrine is helpful to treat idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and hypotension that results from spinal anesthesia. It also stimulates beta2-receptors, which dilate bronchial tubes, and is useful to treat mild forms of bronchial asthma.
Ephedrine
are the chemical structures of a substance (either endogenous or synthetic) that can produce a sympatomimetic response.
Catecholamines
nonselective; acts on alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites. The responses from these effector sites include an increase in blood pressure, pupil dilation, increase in heart rate (tachycardia), and bronchodilation. In certain types of shock (i.e., cardiogenic, anaphylactic), epinephrine is useful because it increases blood pressure, heart rate, and airflow through the lungs through bronchodilation.
Epinephrine
selective; acts at beta2-adrenergic receptors, so the response is purely bronchodilation.
Albuterol
are selective alpha2-sdrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension. The accepted theory for the action of alpha2 drugs is that they regulate the release of norepinephrine by inhibiting its release.
Side effects frequently result when the drug dosage is increased or the drug is nonselective (i.e., it acts on several receptors). Side effects commonly associated with adrenergic drugs include hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, tremors, dizziness, urinary difficulty, nausea, and vomiting.
Clonidine (Catapres) and Methyldopa (Aldomet)
The two enzymes that inactivate the metabolism of norepinephrine are __ which is inside the neuron; and __ which is outside the neuron.
monoamine oxidase (MAO)
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT),
To treat hypotensive states, bronchospasm, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension.
Ephedrine HCI (Ephedsol)
For shock. Potent vasoconstrictor. Increases blood pressure and cardiac output. Blood pressure shoul be closely monitored every 2-5 minutes during infusion. IV flow titrated according to blood pressure.
Norepinephrine bitartrate
(Levarterenol, Levophed)
Alpha1 and Beta1
For shock. Potent vasoconstrictor. Increases blood
To correct hypotension. Does not decrease renal function in doses <5 mcg/kg/min
Dopamine HCI
To treat symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure may increase by 15 to 30 mmHg in 1 h with one 10-mg dose
Midodrine (ProAmatine)
To treat nasal congestion; acts as a decongestant. Used for clients with common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis. Have client blow nose before drug is administered.
Phenylephrine HCl 12-hour spray/Oxymetazoline HCl
(Neo-Synephrine)
Alpha
To treat nasal congestion. OTC drug. Avoid taking with a history of hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus.
Pseudoephedrine HCl
(Sudafed, Actifed, Co-Tylenol, PediaCare)
Alpha and Beta1
To treat nasal congestion; acts as OTC drugs. FDA has required that phenylpropanolamine be withdrawn from OTC weight-control products and other OTC drugs. In some cases, pseudoephedrine has been used in place of phenylpropanolamine.
Phenylpropanolamine HCl
(Dimetapp, Dristan, Contac 12 Hour, Triaminicol, Triaminic)
OTC drug used to control weight gain. Client should check with health care provider before taking an appetite suppressant.
Dexatrim, Dietac, Control
Alpha and Beta1
To relieve bronchospasm caused by acute and chronic obstructive airway disease (e.g., asthma, bronchitis, emphysema). Stimulates beta2-receptors of bronhi. Promotes bronchodilation.
Albuterol
(Proventil, Ventolin) Beta2
