CNS STIMULANTS Flashcards
formerly called attention deficit disorder (ADD), might be caused by a dysregulation of the transmitter serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Characteristic behaviours include inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, restlessness (fidgety), hyperactivity (excessive and purposeless activity), inability to complete tasks and impulsivity.
ADHD
is characterized by falling asleep during normal waking activities such as driving a car or talking with someone. Sleep paralysis, the condition of muscle paralysis that is normal during sleep, usually accompanies narcolepsy and affects the voluntary muscles. The narcoleptic is unable to move and may collapse.
Narcolepsy
Stimulate the release of neurotransmitters—norepinephrine and dopamine—from the brain and sympathetic nervous system (peripheral nerve terminals).
Amphetamines
For narcolepsy, ADHD. Dosage should be minimal to control symptoms in ADHD.
Amphetamine Sulphate (Adderall)
To correct hyperactivity caused by ADHD, increase attention span, treat fatigue, and control narcolepsy
Methylphenidate HCI (Ritalin)
Amphetamines
Amphetamine sulphate
(Adderall)
Dextroamphetamine sulphate (Dexedrine)
Methamphetamine HCl (Desoxyn)
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse)
For narcolepsy. It does not disrupt nighttime sleep. Common side effects include headaches, nausea, diarrhea, and nervousness
Modafinil (Provigil)
Amphetamine-like drugs
Methylphenidate HCI (Ritalin)
Modafinil (Provigil)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Armodafinil (Nuvigil)
Methylphenidate hci (assessment)
Determine whether there is a history of heart disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or glaucoma; in such cases, drug is usually contraindicated.
avoid caffeine
Similar to amphetamines. Potential for abuse. Avoid taking drug during pregnancy.
Benzphetamine HCI (Didrex)
To treat obesity. Can cause restlessness and insomnia. For short-term use.
Dextroamphetamine sulphate (Dexedrine)
For appetite suppression by stimulating the appetite control center in the hypothalamus.
Take 1 hour before meals. For short-term use.
Diethylpropion HCl
(Dospan, Tenuate, Tepanil, Nosbesine)
For long-term appetite suppression to promote weight loss in clients with a BMI of 30 or greater. Should be taken in the morning.
Sibutramine (Meridia)
To treat obesity. May give with meals to avoid GI discomfort.
Mazindol (Mazanol, Sanorex)
For long-term weight loss and weight maintenance by reducing fat absorption in GI tract.
Orlistat
For appetite suppression
Phentermine HCl
Analeptics
- Methylxanthines
- Respiratory Stimulants
Used for newborns with apnea to stimulate respiration; increases heart rate and blood pressure. Given through NGT, IM, or IV
Methylxanthines
- Caffeine
Restores mental alertness. Contains citrated caffeine. Brewed coffee contains 60-180 mg of caffeine per cup.
OTC drugs (NoDoz, Tirend), coffee
Used for newborns with apnea to stimulate respiration. Given through NGT.
Theophylline
Used for respiratory depression. It can increase blood pressure.
Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram HCl
(Dopram)
Drugs to Treat Severe Migraine Headache
Ergot Alkaloids
Selective Serotonin, Receptor Agonists (Triptans)
An antimigraine drug. To prevent or abort migraine attack. Not for prolonged use
Ergotamine tartrate
To prevent or abort migraine attack.
Dihydroergotamine mesylate (Migranal)
To treat acute migraine attacks and cluster headaches. Promotes vasoconstriction.
Sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex)
For acute migraines. Has a longer half-life, thus duration of action is longer. Causes vasoconstriction of cranial carotid arteries. Avoid if client has severe hypertension, IHD, MI.
Naratriptan (Amerge)
For acute migraines. Two types of tablets: regular and melt-in-mouth. Second tablet does not need to be taken by water. Avoid if client has uncontrolled hypertension, IHD and previous MI.
Rizatriptan benzoate
(Maxalt, Maxalt MLT)
For acute migraines. 65% of clients respond in 2 h. Avoid if client has uncontrolled hypertension, IHD, and previous MI.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
To treat acute migraines.
Almotriptan (Axert)
Frovatriptan (Frova)
Eletriptan (Relpax)
Anorexiants
Benzphetamine HCl
(Didrex)
Dextroamphetamine sulphate (Dexedrine)
Diethylpropion HCl
(Dospan, Tenuate, Tepanil, Nosbesine)
Sibutramine (Meridia)
Mazindol (Mazanol, Sanorex)
Phentermine HCl
(Fastin, Jonamin)
Orlistat
