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NUR 203 Pharm II > Drugs for Lipid Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs for Lipid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of lipid?

A

neutral fat

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2
Q

We need to consume cholesterol and triglycerides in the diet. T or F

A

False
The body makes all the cholesterol and triglycerides needed

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3
Q

What organ creates cholesterol?

A

liver

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4
Q

What are the lipids in the blood?

A

cholesterol & triglycerides

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5
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol?

A

cell membrane structure
organelle membranes
create steroid hormones
synthesize bile salts
striatum corneum of skin

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6
Q

How long do patients need to fast to get an accurate lipid profile?

A

minimum 8 hrs
recommended 10-12

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7
Q

What is the desirable total cholesterol?

A

< 200 mg/dL

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8
Q

What total cholesterol is borderline risk for CVD?

A

200-239 mg/dL

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9
Q

What total cholesterol is high risk for CVD?

A

240 mg/dL

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10
Q

Why is HDL considered “good” cholesterol?

A

Carries cholesterol to get broken down and expelled from the body

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10
Q

What density lipoprotein carries the most amount of cholesterol?

A

LDL

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11
Q

When would drugs be the first-line treatment for high cholesterol?

A

If a patient has a significantly high cholesterol level and a significant family history of high cholesterol, CVD, or MI

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12
Q

What is first-line treatment for high cholesterol?

A

Diet modification

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13
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

cholesterol plaque build up in arteries

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14
Q

What is aterosclerosis?

A

Arteries become stiffer and less elastic

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15
Q

What causes arterosclerosis?

A

Age & uncontrolled blood pressure

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16
Q

What is the prototype drug for statins?

A

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

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17
Q

What drug is given if statins are not tolerated for hypertriglyceridemia?

A

gemfibrozil (Lopid)

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for atorvastatin (Lipitor)?

A

Decreases cholesterol production, which also leads to decrease of LDL

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19
Q

What does a high dose of niacin do for high cholesterol?

A

Decrease VLDL (main triglyceride carrier) production, therefore decreasing cholesterol

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20
Q

What medication can often cause a patient to still have high cholesterol?

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitors like ezetimibe (Zetia)

21
Q

Why can taking ezetimibe still result in high cholesterol?

A

Less cholesterol is absorbed by the small intestines, but the body compensates by producing more cholesterol.

22
Q

What is usually given with ezetimibe?

A

statin drug

23
Q

What should the patient do if prescribed digoxin and cholestyramine?

A

Take cholestyramine 2 hr before or 4 hrs after digoxin

24
Q

What is the main carrier of LDL?

A

very low-density lipoprotein

25
Q

What are common SE of niacin?

A

Intense flushing
Hot flashes
N / D
Gas
Hepatotoxicity
Gout

26
Q

What serum lipid measurement is the most accurate indicator for CVD risk?

A

LDL : HDL ratio

27
Q

Why is the LDL : HDL ratio most important?

A

Some cholesterol is always transported for destruction, so the ratio is more accurate indicator for CVD risk

28
Q

What time are short half-life statins taken?

A

at night

29
Q

Why are short half-life statins taken at night?

A

Cholesterol is mainly produced at night

30
Q

What nutrients should a client on long-term statins increase?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins and folic acid

31
Q

What is the main modifiable lifestyle factor of concern for dyslipidemia?

A

High saturated fat consumption

32
Q

what should patients taking statins increase consupmtion of?

A

coenzyme Q10?

33
Q

What is a source of coenzyme Q10?

A

pork
sardines
beef heart
salmon
broccoli
spinach
nuts

34
Q

What are common side effects of statins?

A

headache
abd cramping
heartburn

35
Q

What are rare, serious AE of statins?

A

myopathy
rhabdomyolysis

36
Q

What is usually used to treat hypertriglyceridemias?

A

fibric acid

37
Q

What is commonly taken at a lower dose if the patient is also prescribed gemfibrozil (Lopid)?

A

warfarin

38
Q

Why are periodic liver function studies done during dyslipidemia treatment?

A

Most drugs used to treat dyslipidemia are mainly metabolized in the liver and can lead to liver damage.

39
Q

What tests should be done BEFORE hyperlipidemia medications are administered?

A

Get liver function studies & lipid profiles

40
Q

What should be immediately reported if a patient is on a statin medication?

A

muscle or joint pain
A sign of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis

41
Q

What is usually prescribed if the patient has a high LDL?

A

gemfibrozil (Lopid)

42
Q

What is a contraindication of cholestyramine (Questran)?

A

biliary obstruction

43
Q

What is a contraindication of gemfibrozil?

A

CKD

44
Q

What is a normal cholesterol level?

A

< 150 mg/dL

45
Q

What is cholesterol level is considered boderline high risk?

A

188 mg/dL

46
Q

What cholesterol level range is considered high risk?

A

200-499 mg/dL

47
Q

What is cholesterol level is considered very high risk?

A

500 mg/dL +

48
Q

Why is LDL considered “bad” cholesterol?

A

Can accumulate and form plaque deposits in arteries

49
Q
A

NUR 203 Pharm II (12 decks)

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