Drugs for Hypertension Flashcards
What physiological factors influence blood pressure?
systemic blood volume
cardiac output
peripheral resistance
What is cardiac output?
Blood volume pumped out of the heart in a minute
What is peripheral resistance?
The force exerted against blood as it flows through blood vessels
What determines peripheral resistance?
The blood vessel size and its level of constriction
What is the first-line drug to reduce blood volume for hypertension?
thiazide diuretics
What is the result of long-term thiazide diuretic use?
Vasodilation
What drug class(es) are used to lower peripheral resistance to treat hypertension?
Ca channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
What drug class(es) are used to lower cardiac output to treat hypertension?
Beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta blockers)
What is a common SE of lisinopril?
dry cough
What class of drug is used if lisinopril has AE?
ARBs
What is a common concern with Ca channel blockers?
orthostatic hypotension
What is a finding if beta blockers are suddenly discontinued?
rebound hypertension
What should a patient do when starting a new anti HTN medication?
Daily weights
Monitor bp & pulse daily
What is commonly prescribed with a Ca channel blocker for clients with pmhx of dysrhythmias?
verapamil (Calan)
What can happen to artery walls from uncontrolled HTN?
Artery wall get thicker to protect walls from injury d/t increased bp
What is the most important lifestyle change to address if client does not want to start anti HTN medication?
maintaining optimal weight
What bp range is considered stage 1 HTN?
130-139/80-89
What is a medication that interacts with candesartan (Atacand)?
K supplement
What is a contraindication of hydralazine?
systemic lupus eruthematosus
What happens if a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus takes hydralazine?
Worsen rash, urticaria, fever, and myalgia
What is usually given to clients prescribed a Ca channel blocker with pmhx of dysrhythmias?
verapamil (Calan)
Why can 2 anti HTN medications be prescribed?
To decrease the dose required to control bp, which decreases risk for AE and increases patient compliance
When should anti HTN medications be taken?
at night
What is a food-drug interaction between nifedipine?
grapefruit juice
What is primary HTN?
High bp w no known cause
What is the most common type of HTN?
primary HTN
What is the first-line drug for patients in hypertensive emergency?
nitroprusside (Nitropress) IV
What is a common assessment finding on a patient given nitroprusside?
immediate bp drop
How is systemic HTN assessed?
blood pressure cuff over brachial artery
