Drugs for Hypertension

Question 1

What physiological factors influence blood pressure?

Answer 1

systemic blood volume
cardiac output
peripheral resistance

Question 2

What is cardiac output?

Answer 2

Blood volume pumped out of the heart in a minute

Question 3

What is peripheral resistance?

Answer 3

The force exerted against blood as it flows through blood vessels

Question 4

What determines peripheral resistance?

Answer 4

The blood vessel size and its level of constriction

Question 5

What is the first-line drug to reduce blood volume for hypertension?

Answer 5

thiazide diuretics

Question 6

What is the result of long-term thiazide diuretic use?

Answer 6

Vasodilation

Question 7

What drug class(es) are used to lower peripheral resistance to treat hypertension?

Answer 7

Ca channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Question 8

What drug class(es) are used to lower cardiac output to treat hypertension?

Answer 8

Beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta blockers)

Question 9

What is a common SE of lisinopril?

Answer 9

dry cough

Question 10

What class of drug is used if lisinopril has AE?

Answer 10

ARBs

Question 11

What is a common concern with Ca channel blockers?

Answer 11

orthostatic hypotension

Question 12

What is a finding if beta blockers are suddenly discontinued?

Answer 12

rebound hypertension

Question 13

What should a patient do when starting a new anti HTN medication?

Answer 13

Daily weights
Monitor bp & pulse daily

Question 14

What is commonly prescribed with a Ca channel blocker for clients with pmhx of dysrhythmias?

Answer 14

verapamil (Calan)

Question 15

What can happen to artery walls from uncontrolled HTN?

Answer 15

Artery wall get thicker to protect walls from injury d/t increased bp

Question 16

What is the most important lifestyle change to address if client does not want to start anti HTN medication?

Answer 16

maintaining optimal weight

Question 17

What bp range is considered stage 1 HTN?

Answer 17

130-139/80-89

Question 18

What is a medication that interacts with candesartan (Atacand)?

Answer 18

K supplement

Question 19

What is a contraindication of hydralazine?

Answer 19

systemic lupus eruthematosus

Question 20

What happens if a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus takes hydralazine?

Answer 20

Worsen rash, urticaria, fever, and myalgia

Question 21

What is usually given to clients prescribed a Ca channel blocker with pmhx of dysrhythmias?

Answer 21

verapamil (Calan)

Question 22

Why can 2 anti HTN medications be prescribed?

Answer 22

To decrease the dose required to control bp, which decreases risk for AE and increases patient compliance

Question 23

When should anti HTN medications be taken?

Answer 23

at night

Question 24

What is a food-drug interaction between nifedipine?

Answer 24

grapefruit juice

Question 25

What is primary HTN?

Answer 25

High bp w no known cause

Question 26

What is the most common type of HTN?

Answer 26

primary HTN

Question 27

What is the first-line drug for patients in hypertensive emergency?

Answer 27

nitroprusside (Nitropress) IV

Question 28

What is a common assessment finding on a patient given nitroprusside?

Answer 28

immediate bp drop

Question 29

How is systemic HTN assessed?

Answer 29

blood pressure cuff over brachial artery