Drugs for Hypertension

Question 1

What is the force exerted against the artery walls during the heart’s contraction and rest (filling stage)?

Answer 1

Blood pressure

Question 2

What is cardiac output?

Answer 2

Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 minute

Question 3

What does Ca do to the heart?

Answer 3

More Ca increases heart contractility
Less Ca decreases heart contractility

Question 4

What sets the heart rate?

Answer 4

Cardiac conduction system

Question 5

What can impact blood volume?

Answer 5

Fluid I&O
Kidney function
Environment temp
Illness/stress

Question 6

What is HTN?

Answer 6

130+ OR 80+

Question 7

What is the leading cause of hypertension?

Answer 7

hyperlipidemia

Question 8

What are the names of the blood pressure classifications?

Answer 8

Normal
Elevated
High blood pressure stage 1
High blood pressure stage 2
Hypertensive crisis

Question 9

What bp is normal?

Answer 9

< 120 AND <80

Question 10

What bp is elevated?

Answer 10

120-129 AND <80

Question 11

What bp is HTN stage 1?

Answer 11

130-139 OR 80-89

Question 12

What bp is HTN stage 2?

Answer 12

140+ OR 90+

Question 13

What bp is a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 13

180+ AND/OR 120+

Question 14

What does the ECG do?

Answer 14

Visually displays heart conduction system

Question 15

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 15

Unknown cause for hypertension

Question 16

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 16

Known cause for hypertension

Question 17

What does hypertension commonly result in?

Answer 17

CVD

Question 18

What is cardiac output?

Answer 18

HR * stroke vol

Question 19

What is stroke vol?

Answer 19

The mL of blood pumped in 1 heartbeat

Question 20

What is peripheral resistance?

Answer 20

The resistance of blood on the artery walls

Question 21

What regulates blood pressure?

Answer 21

sympathetic nervous system

Question 22

How do the kidneys impact blood pressure?

Answer 22

Renin
Fluid / electrolyte retention / excretion to alter blood volume

Question 23

What secretes renin?

Answer 23

kidneys

Question 24

What stimulates the secretion of renin?

Answer 24

baroreceptors in blood vessels throughout the body

Question 25

What does angiotensin do?

Answer 25

vasoconstrictors

Question 26

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 26

Increases Na retention, therefore increases water retention and blood volume

Question 27

What is an age associated factor that impacts blood pressure?

Answer 27

Atherosclerosis

Question 28

What does hypertension do to the brain?

Answer 28

Increased risk for stroke

Question 29

What does hypertension do to heart attack risk?

Answer 29

Increases risk for heart attack (MI)

Question 30

What does hypertension do to the kidneys?

Answer 30

2nd leading cause of kidney failure Decreased blood perfusion can cause kidney damage

Question 31

What does hypertension do to microvessels?

Answer 31

atherosclerosis

Question 32

What does hypertension do to the eyes?

Answer 32

Hypertensive retinopathy causes vision loss

Question 33

What do you assess to determine bp cuff size?

Answer 33

measure acromion to elbow and arm circumference

Question 34

What does the MAP indicate?

Answer 34

Determines level of perfusion to end target organs

Question 35

What is optimal MAP?

Answer 35

70-110

Question 36

Which class of HTN drug can cause neutropenia?

Answer 36

ACE inhibitors

Question 37

What is angioedema?

Answer 37

swelling of mouth and throat

Question 38

What should a nurse expect regarding dose when starting a client on an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 38

Giving a low first dose then, titrating up.

Question 39

How are ACE inhibitors given?

Answer 39

PO only

Question 40

What should the client do if feeling light headed after first dose?

Answer 40

lie supine

Question 41

What classifications of drugs for HTN can cause angioedema?

Answer 41

ARBs and ACE inhibitors

Question 42

When should a nurse expect a lower dose for a client taking an ARB?

Answer 42

If they are taking a diuretic, have liver failure, or when first staring med

Question 43

What should the nurse do if a client on an ARB is experiencing angioedema?

Answer 43

HOLD med & call provider

Question 44

A client has been taking eplerenone for a few days and reports no change in his blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?

Answer 44

Tell the client that the drug can take up to 4 weeks to take effect, so continue taking the med as prescribe and monitor their bp

Question 49

A client has been taking aliskiren for a few days and reports no change in his blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?