Drugs for Hypertension Flashcards
What is the force exerted against the artery walls during the heart’s contraction and rest (filling stage)?
Blood pressure
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 minute
What does Ca do to the heart?
More Ca increases heart contractility
Less Ca decreases heart contractility
What sets the heart rate?
Cardiac conduction system
What can impact blood volume?
Fluid I&O
Kidney function
Environment temp
Illness/stress
What is HTN?
130+ OR 80+
What is the leading cause of hypertension?
hyperlipidemia
What are the names of the blood pressure classifications?
Normal
Elevated
High blood pressure stage 1
High blood pressure stage 2
Hypertensive crisis
What bp is normal?
< 120 AND <80
What bp is elevated?
120-129 AND <80
What bp is HTN stage 1?
130-139 OR 80-89
What bp is HTN stage 2?
140+ OR 90+
What bp is a hypertensive crisis?
180+ AND/OR 120+
What does the ECG do?
Visually displays heart conduction system
What is primary hypertension?
Unknown cause for hypertension
What is secondary hypertension?
Known cause for hypertension
What does hypertension commonly result in?
CVD
What is cardiac output?
HR * stroke vol
What is stroke vol?
The mL of blood pumped in 1 heartbeat
What is peripheral resistance?
The resistance of blood on the artery walls
What regulates blood pressure?
sympathetic nervous system
How do the kidneys impact blood pressure?
Renin
Fluid / electrolyte retention / excretion to alter blood volume
What secretes renin?
kidneys
What stimulates the secretion of renin?
baroreceptors in blood vessels throughout the body
What does angiotensin do?
vasoconstrictors
What does aldosterone do?
Increases Na retention, therefore increases water retention and blood volume
What is an age associated factor that impacts blood pressure?
Atherosclerosis
What does hypertension do to the brain?
Increased risk for stroke
What does hypertension do to heart attack risk?
Increases risk for heart attack (MI)
What does hypertension do to the kidneys?
2nd leading cause of kidney failure
Decreased blood perfusion can cause kidney damage
What does hypertension do to microvessels?
atherosclerosis
What does hypertension do to the eyes?
Hypertensive retinopathy causes vision loss
What do you assess to determine bp cuff size?
measure acromion to elbow and arm circumference
What does the MAP indicate?
Determines level of perfusion to end target organs
What is optimal MAP?
70-110
Which class of HTN drug can cause neutropenia?
ACE inhibitors
What is angioedema?
swelling of mouth and throat
What should a nurse expect regarding dose when starting a client on an ACE inhibitor?
Giving a low first dose then, titrating up.
How are ACE inhibitors given?
PO only
What should the client do if feeling light headed after first dose?
lie supine
What classifications of drugs for HTN can cause angioedema?
ARBs and ACE inhibitors
When should a nurse expect a lower dose for a client taking an ARB?
If they are taking a diuretic, have liver failure, or when first staring med
What should the nurse do if a client on an ARB is experiencing angioedema?
HOLD med & call provider
A client has been taking eplerenone for a few days and reports no change in his blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?
Tell the client that the drug can take up to 4 weeks to take effect, so continue taking the med as prescribe and monitor their bp
A client has been taking aliskiren for a few days and reports no change in his blood pressure. How should the nurse respond?
