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NUR 203 Pharm II > Drugs for HF, Angina & MI > Flashcards

Drugs for HF, Angina & MI Flashcards

1
Q

Which side of the heart is the venous side of the heart?

A

Right

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2
Q

Which side is the arterial side of the heart?

A

Left

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3
Q

What structures help move blood in the venous system against gravity?

A

Valves
Skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What pressure (+/-) is in the right atrium?

A

negative

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5
Q

How does the heart get oxygen & nutrients?

A

coronary arteries

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6
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

root of the aorta

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7
Q

What affects the oxygen demand of the heart?

A

Cardiac workload

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8
Q

What happens when the heart is hypoxic?

A

angina (chest pain)

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9
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

Condition with a set of characteristic symptoms

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10
Q

What is an example of a progressive heart syndrome?

A

heart failure

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11
Q

Heart failure usually can be cured. T or F

A

False

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12
Q

What is the goal caring for patients with heart failure?

A

Treat the symptoms to maximize quality of life

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13
Q

What regulates the heart?

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system predominates heart regulation?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

What CN regulates the heart rate?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX)

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16
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

Coughing up blood-tinged sputum

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17
Q

What hormone does the body secrete to compensate during heart failure?

A

ADH

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18
Q

What are the compensatory mechanisms of the heart?

A

Cardiac dialation & cardiac hypertrophy

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19
Q

What compensatory mechanism of the heart comes first?

A

Cardiac dialation

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20
Q

What is cardiac dialation?

A

widening of the heart chambers

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21
Q

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

A

thickening of the heart muscle walls

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22
Q

What is pre-load?

A

Volume of blood filling chambers during

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23
Q

What is after-load?

A

Diameter of the arteries that the heart has to pump against

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24
Q

What drugs decrease pre-load?

A

diuretics

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25
Q

What drugs decrease after load?

A

B Blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca Channel blockers

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26
Q

What is the most common cause of heart failure?

A

Coronary artery disease

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27
Q

What are the main diseases that accelerate HF progression?

A

CAD
MI
mitral stenosis
dyslipidemia
chronic HTN
DM

28
Q

What are the NYHA classes of heart failure?

A

Class I-IV

29
Q

What are s/s of Class I HF?

A

Asymptomatic (still tolerates usual activity)

30
Q

What are s/s of Class II HF?

A

Mild symptoms (slight SOB and decreased tolerance in usual activity)

31
Q

What are s/s of Class II HF?

A

Marked limitations (Peripherial edema, SOB with minimal activity)
May start on oxygen

32
Q

What are s/s of Class IV / end-stage HF?

A

Severe limitations (fatigue, SOB, edema at rest)

33
Q

What are the AHA stages of HF?

A

Stages A-D

34
Q

What is stage

A
35
Q

What do positive inotropic drugs do?

A

increase cardiac contractility

36
Q

What do negative chronotropic drugs do?

A

decrease HR

37
Q

What are the usualy goals of HF meds?

A

positive inotropic and negative chronotropic

38
Q

How can HF be measured?

A

ejection fraction

39
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction?

A

50-65%

40
Q

How does efficacy of HF management measured?

A

ejection fraction changes
S/S (overall quality of life) changes
number of hospital admissions

41
Q

What types of B Blockers are used to manage HF?

A

cardio selective B Blocker

42
Q

When would diuretics be given to a patient with HF?

A

If pt has edema, cardiac dialation, and or in stage C of HF

43
Q

When would a patient with HF get thiazide diuretics?

A

GFR is high

44
Q

When would a patient with HG get loop diuretics?

A

GFR is low

45
Q

When would a patient with HF get aldosterone antagonist diuretics?

A

If hypoKalemic

46
Q

What should the nurse expect to give in end-stage HF pt anxious d/t SOB?

A

morphine

47
Q

What is angina?

A

CP d/t O2 supply is < heart O2 demand

48
Q

What influences heart O2 demand?

A

Cardiac muscle contractility
Heart rate

49
Q

What is the first safest option for angina? (increase O2 supply or decrease O2 demand)

A

increase O2 supply

50
Q

What does decreasing O2 demand put the pt at risk for?

A

HF

51
Q

What happens during CAD?

A

Artheriosclerosis of

52
Q

What is ischemia

A

Lack of O2 perfused to a tissue

53
Q

What is a symptom of cardiac ischemia?

A

angina

54
Q

What eventually happens to untreated ischemia of a tissue?

A

necrosis (death) of tissue

55
Q

What are the types of CAD lesions?

A

stenotic & non-stenotic

56
Q

Describe stenotic lesions

A

Less common
Fibrotic & stiff

57
Q

Describe non-stenotic lesions.

A

More common
thin cap between vessel wall and space

58
Q

What is the most important test to do to differentiate angina from active MI?

A

EKG

59
Q

What is a sign of ischemia on the EKG?

A

saggy ST waves

60
Q

What is a sign of MI on an EKG?

A

STEMI (ST elevation)

61
Q

What indicates acute MI?

A

STEMI on EKG & Cardiac markers

62
Q

What indicates unstable angina?

A

NSTEMI on EKG & angina @ rest

63
Q

What are types of acute coronary syndrome?

A

acute MI & unstable angina

64
Q

What happens with stable angina?

A

Agina relieved with rest

65
Q

What happens with variable angina?

A

Coronary arteries spasm d/t nicotine, illicit drugs, extreme cold

66
Q

What is mainly used to open up arteries (and veins)?

A

nitroglycerin

NUR 203 Pharm II (12 decks)

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