Drugs for HF, Angina & MI

Question 1

Which side of the heart is the venous side of the heart?

Answer 1

Right

Question 2

Which side is the arterial side of the heart?

Answer 2

Left

Question 3

What structures help move blood in the venous system against gravity?

Answer 3

Valves
Skeletal muscles

Question 4

What pressure (+/-) is in the right atrium?

Answer 4

negative

Question 5

How does the heart get oxygen & nutrients?

Answer 5

coronary arteries

Question 6

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

Answer 6

root of the aorta

Question 7

What affects the oxygen demand of the heart?

Answer 7

Cardiac workload

Question 8

What happens when the heart is hypoxic?

Answer 8

angina (chest pain)

Question 9

What is a syndrome?

Answer 9

Condition with a set of characteristic symptoms

Question 10

What is an example of a progressive heart syndrome?

Answer 10

heart failure

Question 11

Heart failure usually can be cured. T or F

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What is the goal caring for patients with heart failure?

Answer 12

Treat the symptoms to maximize quality of life

Question 13

What regulates the heart?

Answer 13

sympathetic & parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system

Question 14

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system predominates heart regulation?

Answer 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

What CN regulates the heart rate?

Answer 15

Vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 16

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 16

Coughing up blood-tinged sputum

Question 17

What hormone does the body secrete to compensate during heart failure?

Answer 17

ADH

Question 18

What are the compensatory mechanisms of the heart?

Answer 18

Cardiac dialation & cardiac hypertrophy

Question 19

What compensatory mechanism of the heart comes first?

Answer 19

Cardiac dialation

Question 20

What is cardiac dialation?

Answer 20

widening of the heart chambers

Question 21

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 21

thickening of the heart muscle walls

Question 22

What is pre-load?

Answer 22

Volume of blood filling chambers during

Question 23

What is after-load?

Answer 23

Diameter of the arteries that the heart has to pump against

Question 24

What drugs decrease pre-load?

Answer 24

diuretics

Question 25

What drugs decrease after load?

Answer 25

B Blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca Channel blockers

Question 26

What is the most common cause of heart failure?

Answer 26

Coronary artery disease

Question 27

What are the main diseases that accelerate HF progression?

Answer 27

CAD MI mitral stenosis dyslipidemia chronic HTN DM

Question 28

What are the NYHA classes of heart failure?

Answer 28

Class I-IV

Question 29

What are s/s of Class I HF?

Answer 29

Asymptomatic (still tolerates usual activity)

Question 30

What are s/s of Class II HF?

Answer 30

Mild symptoms (slight SOB and decreased tolerance in usual activity)

Question 31

What are s/s of Class II HF?

Answer 31

Marked limitations (Peripherial edema, SOB with minimal activity) May start on oxygen

Question 32

What are s/s of Class IV / end-stage HF?

Answer 32

Severe limitations (fatigue, SOB, edema at rest)

Question 33

What are the AHA stages of HF?

Answer 33

Stages A-D

Question 34

What is stage

Question 35

What do positive inotropic drugs do?

Answer 35

increase cardiac contractility

Question 36

What do negative chronotropic drugs do?

Answer 36

decrease HR

Question 37

What are the usualy goals of HF meds?

Answer 37

positive inotropic and negative chronotropic

Question 38

How can HF be measured?

Answer 38

ejection fraction

Question 39

What is a normal ejection fraction?

Answer 39

50-65%

Question 40

How does efficacy of HF management measured?

Answer 40

ejection fraction changes S/S (overall quality of life) changes number of hospital admissions

Question 41

What types of B Blockers are used to manage HF?

Answer 41

cardio selective B Blocker

Question 42

When would diuretics be given to a patient with HF?

Answer 42

If pt has edema, cardiac dialation, and or in stage C of HF

Question 43

When would a patient with HF get thiazide diuretics?

Answer 43

GFR is high

Question 44

When would a patient with HG get loop diuretics?

Answer 44

GFR is low

Question 45

When would a patient with HF get aldosterone antagonist diuretics?

Answer 45

If hypoKalemic

Question 46

What should the nurse expect to give in end-stage HF pt anxious d/t SOB?

Answer 46

morphine

Question 47

What is angina?

Answer 47

CP d/t O2 supply is < heart O2 demand

Question 48

What influences heart O2 demand?

Answer 48

Cardiac muscle contractility Heart rate

Question 49

What is the first safest option for angina? (increase O2 supply or decrease O2 demand)

Answer 49

increase O2 supply

Question 50

What does decreasing O2 demand put the pt at risk for?

Answer 50

HF

Question 51

What happens during CAD?

Answer 51

Artheriosclerosis of

Question 52

What is ischemia

Answer 52

Lack of O2 perfused to a tissue

Question 53

What is a symptom of cardiac ischemia?

Answer 53

angina

Question 54

What eventually happens to untreated ischemia of a tissue?

Answer 54

necrosis (death) of tissue

Question 55

What are the types of CAD lesions?

Answer 55

stenotic & non-stenotic

Question 56

Describe stenotic lesions

Answer 56

Less common Fibrotic & stiff

Question 57

Describe non-stenotic lesions.

Answer 57

More common thin cap between vessel wall and space

Question 58

What is the most important test to do to differentiate angina from active MI?

Answer 58

EKG

Question 59

What is a sign of ischemia on the EKG?

Answer 59

saggy ST waves

Question 60

What is a sign of MI on an EKG?

Answer 60

STEMI (ST elevation)

Question 61

What indicates acute MI?

Answer 61

STEMI on EKG & Cardiac markers

Question 62

What indicates unstable angina?

Answer 62

NSTEMI on EKG & angina @ rest

Question 63

What are types of acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 63

acute MI & unstable angina

Question 64

What happens with stable angina?

Answer 64

Agina relieved with rest

Question 65

What happens with variable angina?

Answer 65

Coronary arteries spasm d/t nicotine, illicit drugs, extreme cold

Question 66

What is mainly used to open up arteries (and veins)?

Answer 66

nitroglycerin