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NMSP > Drugs for Glaucoma > Flashcards

Drugs for Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Beta Blockers?

A 
Betaxolol
Timolol
Metipranolol
Levobunolol
Carteolol
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2
Q

What are the 5 Beta Blockers?

A 
Betaxolol
Timolol
Metipranolol
Levobunolol
Carteolol
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3
Q

What are the 2 Alpha2 Agonists?

A

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

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4
Q

What are the 2 Alpha2 Agonists?

A

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

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5
Q

What are the 3 Prostaglandin Analogs?

A

Latanoprost
Bimatoprost
Travoprost

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6
Q

What are the 3 Prostaglandin Analogs?

A

Latanoprost
Bimatoprost
Travoprost

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7
Q

What are the 2 Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Brinzolamide

Dorzolamide

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8
Q

What are the 2 Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Brinzolamide

Dorzolamide

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9
Q

What are the 2 Systemic Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Acetozolamide

Methazolamide

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10
Q

What are the 2 Systemic Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Acetozolamide

Methazolamide

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11
Q

What are the 2 Cholinergic Agonists?

A

Carbachol

Pilocarpine

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12
Q

What are the 2 Cholinergic Agonists?

A

Carbachol

Pilocarpine

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13
Q

What is the Cholinesterase Inhibitor?

A

Echothiophate

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14
Q

What is the Cholinesterase Inhibitor?

A

Echothiophate

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15
Q

What is the job of the Iris Circular muscle and through what receptor does it work?

A

(+) M3

- Miosis (pupil constriction) = improves outflow of aqueous humor

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16
Q

What is the job of the Iris Radial muscle and through what receptor does it work?

A

(+) Alpha1

- Mydriasis (pupil dilation) = decreased aqueous outflow

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17
Q

What is the Ciliary muscle in charge of doing and through what receptor?

A

(+) M3

Accommodation of the eye to near vision = improves aqueous outflow

18
Q

What is the job of the Ciliary Epithelium?

A

Produce Aqueous Humor

19
Q

What receptor for the Ciliary Epithelium will increase aqueous production?

A

(+) Beta

20
Q

What receptor for the Ciliary Epithelium will decrease aqueous production?

A

(+) Alpha2

21
Q

(+) the Beta receptor at the Ciliary epithelium will do what?

A

Increase aqueous production

22
Q

(+) Alpha2 receptor at the Ciliary epithelium will do what?

A

Decrease aqueous production

23
Q

What is the role of Carbonic Anhydrase?

A
  • Increases Na+ and Bicarbonate in the Aqueous humor
  • This will increase the osmotic pressure
  • Thus, drawing in more water and increasing the volume of aqueous fluid
24
Q

What classes of drugs DECREASE aqueous humor production?

A

Beta blockers
Alpha 2 Agonists
Carbonic Anhydrase (-)s

25
Q

What classes of drugs DECREASE aqueous humor production?

A

Beta blockers
Alpha2 Agonists
Carbonic Anhydrase (-)’s

26
Q

What classes of drugs INCREASE aqueous humor OUTFLOW?

A

Prostaglandin Analogs
Alpha2 Agonists
Cholinergic Agonists
Cholinesterase (-)’s

27
Q

What classes of drugs INCREASE aqueous humor OUTFLOW?

A

Prostaglandin Analogs
Alpha2 Agonists
Cholinergic Agonists
Cholinesterase (-)’s

28
Q

What are some adverse effects of the Systemic Carbonic Anhydrase (-)’s?

A

Paresthesias
Renal stones
Decreased libido

29
Q

What are some adverse effects to the cornea/conjunctiva with Prostaglandin Analogs?

A

Corneal erosions

Conjunctiva hyperemia

30
Q

Prostaglandin Analogs can cause irreversible hyperpigmentation of the ____ and reversible hyperpigmentation of the _____

A

Irreversible IRIS hyperpigmentation

Reversible eyelash/eyelid hyperpigmentation

31
Q

Cholinergic Agonists and Cholinesterase (-)’s increase aqueous humor outflow by activating what receptor?

A

(+) M3 directly or indirectly

32
Q

After long term use of cholinergic agonists/cholinesterase (-)’s, what are some possible adverse effects?

A

Cataracts

Iris-lens adhesions

33
Q

Miosis (diminished night vision), myopia and eyelid twitching are adverse effects for which class of drugs?

A

Cholinergic Agonists/Cholinesterase (-)’s

34
Q

What is the best beta blocker to use and why?

A

Timolol

- lacks anesthetic effects

35
Q

Which Alpha2 Agonist is better and why?

A

Brimonidine

– Less allergic reactions/dry mouth

36
Q

Which Prostaglandin Analog is the best at lowering IOP?

A

Bimatoprost

37
Q

For Open Angle Glaucoma (most common), what agents are first line?

A

Beta blocker or Prostaglandin Analog

38
Q

For Open Angle Glaucoma, if the first line agents cannot be used, what should be used?

A

Brimonidine or topical carbonic anhydrase (-)’s

39
Q

What is the goal of treatment for Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Rapid decrease of IOP

40
Q

What are 2 diuretics and 1 other drug that are used to treat Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A
  1. Oral Glycerin
  2. IV Mannitol
    Other agent = Pilocarpine

NMSP (28 decks)

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