Approach to Movement Disorders Flashcards
Bradykinetic movements are ____
Slow
Hyperkinetic movements involve ____
Extra movements
What is another name for Bradykinetic Disorders that classifies the main symptoms?
Akinetic Rigid Syndromes
= SLOW AND STIFF
What are the cardinal features of Parkinson’s Disease?
- Resting, unilateral pill rolling tremor
- Rigidity (stiff)
- Bradykinesia (slow)
What type of tremor will be seen with Parkinson’s Disease?
Resting, often unilateral at first, pill rolling quality
Besides Parkinson’s Disease, what are 3 other Akinetic Rigid Syndromes (Bradykinetic/Stiff)?
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Multiple Systems Atrophy
- Corticobasal Degeneration
Besides bradykinesia and rigidity, what symptoms present with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?
Loss of VOLUNTARY control of eye movements especially vertical gaze
A patient presents with bradykinesia and rigidity with loss of voluntary control of vertical gaze of the eyes
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Besides bradykinesia and rigidity, what symptoms will present with Multiple Systems Atrophy?
Autonomic Dysfunction
A patient presents with bradykinesia, rigidity and autonomic dysfunction
Multiple Systems Atrophy
Besides bradykinesia and rigidity, what symptoms will present with Corticobasal Degeneration?
Cortical dysfunction
– sensory/motor issues
A patient presents with bradykinesia, rigidity and cortical dysfunction
Corticobasal Degeneration
Do anti-parkinsonian medications work well for the other Akinetic Rigid Syndromes?
NO
Dancelike movements that may be incorporated into purposeful movements
Chorea
Writhing, sinuous (curvy) movement
Athetosis
Athetosis (writhing and sinuous movements) often occur in combination with?
Chorea
Sustained muscle contractions that produce twisting and abnormal postures
Dystonia
Large flinging movement of the upper extremity
Ballism
Brief, rapid and repetitive action
Tic
What are the symptoms of Huntington’s Disease?
Chorea and Dementia
When do symptoms usually arise for Huntington’s Disease patients and is there a cure?
30-50
– no cure
In what age of patients does Sydenham’s Chorea occur?
Children and adolescents
What cause Sydenham’s Chorea?
Previous infection with Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus
What is Sydenham’s Chorea?
Unilateral chorea movements which can be mild and confused with fidgeting
What will be seen with Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia?
Dystonic movements and postures only
What will be seen with Focal Torsion Dystonia?
Dystonia confined to a FOCAL area
What medication can be helpful to weaken the involved muscles with FOCAL Torsion Dystonia?
BOTOX injections
Wilson’s Disease is a disorder of ____ metabolism
Copper
When does Wilson’s Disease usually present and what are the general dysfunctions?
Presents in childhood or young adult life
= Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction
What types of movements will be seen with Wilson’s Disease?
Bradykinetic and Hyperkinetic
What will the levels of copper be in the urine and ceruloplasmin in the serum with Wilson’s Disease?
- HIGH copper in the urine
- LOW ceruloplasmin in the serum (copper is not bound)
Tic Disorders are usually single motoc tics that are benign. If they are not benign, what is a common syndrome?
Tourette’s Syndrome
Tourette’s Syndrome
Multiple motor and vocal tics before 21
Multiple motor and vocal tics with onset before age 21
Tourette’s Syndrome
When are Essential Tremors often pronounced?
Kinetic – trying to do a task
Essential Tremors often affect which parts of the body?
Both hands and head
Essential tremors progress very slowly, what can weirdly decrease the tremor temporarily?
Alcohol
Tremor of both hands or head when trying to complete a task
Essential Tremor
