Drugs and Medicine Flashcards
Outline stages involved in research development testing of new pharmaceutical products
A new product is isolated from existing species or synthesize chemically and subjected to see your laboratory and clinical from a surgical studies demonstrate its effectiveness. Lethal dose is determined by testing the drug on animals and terminating how much is required to kill 50% of the animal population. Notice full of fact and 50% of the population is also obtained. You’re therapeutic index is calculated.Jack cannot be used on initial clinical trial in humans usually volunteers haven’t given her placebo closely monitored side effects are noted to determine our best bet at the ratio. It passes initial clinical trial can go through figures series of further phases and then gradually riding into the clinical situation can be approved by the drug industry to have a particular country or used for over the country over-the-counter drugs or only the prescription by donor
Administration: four main methods are oral inhalation through the anus reptile and by injection Parenteau may also be applied topically so the effect is limited example creams or even sprays and drops
Describe the different methods of administering drugs
Four: mouth or I’ll inhalation through the anus by injection
Discuss the terms therapeutic window tolerance and side effects
Side effects are defined as the zero logical fact that you’re not intended and very greatly from one job to another of the same Jack and different people. Therapeutic window:concentration of drugs within a range that is acceptable. It’s up out of the range drugs may have unexpectable side effects or may not be Active effective
Tolerance: response the drug
State and explain how excess acid in the stomach can be reduced by the use of different bases
Actresses are used to combat excess stomach acid there most effective taken in between hours of eating they are simple basis such as metal oxides hydroxides carboxylase they work by neutralize the acid preventing information relieving pain and discomfort and allow the mucous layer and stomach lining
Describe and explain the different ways that analgesics prevent pain
Anna less Genex: our painkillers
Mild: inhibit the release of Prostaglandins from the site of injury and so give relieved inflammation and fever do not interfere with the functioning of the brain
Strong: morphine ability to bind to receptors in the brain or seven blocks the transmission of pain signals between brain cells and so I’ll just perception of pain may cause drowsiness cause dependence
Describe me using the derivatives a silly kill acid as mild Aleja six and can hear the advantages and disadvantages of using aspirin and Paris still
From barking below relieve the fever symptoms of malaria active ingredient Willabrook is that like acid however irritating them in the mouth esophagus and stomach membranes introduce a derivative a call aspirin aspirin prevents particular enzyme prostate gland synthesis being formed at the side of the injury or pain prevents of Fost focausing the bleeding in the stomach if you are allergic and can lead to bronco like asthma under 12 is going to raise disease it’s even safe dose of aspirin can be fatal and leads to Exodus due to the lowering of the pH of blood. Paris the Telma preferred to ask the mild pain.
Compare the structures of codeine morphine and Diamme morphine [Karen heroin]
All are found in a benzene ring, alkene, ether tertiary amine
Cotinine: is it has an alcohol
Morphine: has an alcohol 2
Heroin: hasn’t Esther, ethanoate 2
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using morphine and is divert is as strong Anna.
Using the metro severe pains in chest advanced cancer can be habit-forming and can lead to depend so use must be regulated by a medical professional, may also cause drowsiness and possible changes in mood
Describe the effects of depressants
To press the central nervous system interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses in the neurons slow down the functions of the body induce a feeling of calm and relieve anxiety and may induce sleep cause loss of consciousness and coma and death in a large dose most common as alcohol
The social and physiological effects of the use and abuse of ethanol
Physiological feeling of relaxation confidence in case associate the lady that a small blood vessel flashing feeling of war judgment consultation progressively impaired speech becomes blurred loss of balance loss of consciousness can can result in death, can cause alcoholism road accidents violent behavior family breakdowns severe liver disease Cyrus and liver cancer coronary heart disease high blood pressure strokes increase race of dementia
Detection of ethanol
Roadside I’m Andres maze be asked to go to breathalyzer involve acidify potassium or sodium dichromate Kristyles turn green is there interact with the alcohol or the use of that you’ll sell out where are the ethanol is oxidized produce electricity at the police station and let her urine sample a ticket and send to friends excitements labs for analysis using gas liquid chromatography Auburn and talk to metersNews on the principle that sees bonds methanol of sorbin ferrate radiation particular way blanks that blows a sample of breath into a chamber and food radiation from heat source passes through a chopper takes the beginning then passes I’ll try to do a sample chamber and I’m Chambers contains no breath sample of the two matching amount of radiation therapy
Describe the sign or just stick the sexes ethanolic other dogs
Espinal can interact with Lynn has effects of other drugs because it depresses the central nervous system itself can be fatal tickle you in a Gusta can together with Pensier days so Pecksniff narcotics Barnabas and Saul dance with Aspen increases the risk of stomach bleeding
Presents other depressants structure
Same: both can’t contain Ben Zion rings and dissect pint structures the seven-member to hetero Cilic ring containing carbon in tonight to dance.
Diazepam/Valium; however has a chloride a functional group
Nitrazepam: have a O2N group
Prozac: fluoxetine hydrochloride
This is psychological effects of stimulants
Amphetamines: how to facilitate breathing my causing election of the air passages they moved his appetite they might cause preparation or tremors took her use an excess they may cause extreme wrestler sleeplessness fits delusions and hallucinations. Increase attend the brand hence the person Steve mental alertness prevent drowsiness
Compare and the times and exit friends
Jenyglenn increases the heart rate of blood pressure increase the blood flow to the brain is the airflow to the lungs increases mental awarenessI Alan has a secondary and mean group well and that the minds have a primary I mean
