3.1 Chemical Elements And Water Flashcards
States five elements that are needed by living organisms
Sulfur calcium phosphorus iron and sodium.
Most frequent occurring chemical elements in living things?
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
State the role of sulfur.
In some amino acids
State the role of calcium.
Cofactor in some enzymes and component of bones
State the role of phosphorus
Phosphate groups and ATP
State the role of iron.
Inside of cytochromes, and in hemoglobin.
State the role of sodium.
In membrane function and sending nerve impulses.
Outline the thermal properties of water.
High specific heat: can absorb and release great amounts of heat without greatly changing temperature
high heat of vaporization: water absorbs great deal of heat to break bonds
high boiling points: 100°C to change a liquid to gas
need lots of energy to break hydrogen bonds
Outline be cohesive properties of water.
Cohesion:Molecules of the same type are attracted to each other due to polar covalent bonding. (Opposite dipoles)
Water molecules will also tend to stick to other molecules that are charged or polar [adhesion)
Outlined the solvent properties of water.
- Excellent solvent of other polar molecules [like dissolves like [.
- majority. of molecules typically found inside and outside of cell are polar molecules. (Nonpolar lipids need special strategies to transport/biochem)
- water where most biochem of cell occurs
Explain the relationship between the properties of water and it’s uses in living organisms as a coolant.
specific heat: all living things are composed of water; water is relatively stable in temperature; prevents organism from being too hot or too cold
Heat of vaporization: plants and animals use evaporation of water from surface of body to cool (sweating/transpiration)
Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a medium for metabolic reactions.
Solvent: Water can dissolve many substances to facilitate chemical reactions.
Thermal/ Boiling point: most cases is below boiling point and above freezing point - therefore liquid - good medium
Explain the relationship between the properties of water and it’s uses in living organisms as a transport medium.
Cohesion: strong pulling forces can be exerted to suck columns of water up the roots of a plant in their transport systems; vascular tissue implants carries water and variety of dissolve substances.
•solvent: sold properties of water allow many substances to be carried [dissolved closed bracket in water in the blood of animals and the sap of
Plants.
•thermal – specific heat: blood can carry heat from warmer parts of body to cooler parts.
Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its use in living organisms as a coolant, medium for metabolic reactions, and transport medium.
Coolant – high specific heat it takes more energy to change the temperature water therefore water acts as a temperature stabilizer in living organisms an organism stay cool when they are composed of water.
High vaporization: lots of and he is released when water vapor rises (perspiration)= release of heat from body.
Cohesion water (molecule attraction to one another); transpiration; movement of water in vascular plants and high surface tension allow some organisms to live/walk on water
Metabolic rxns: water dissolves polar mc, water medium for biochemistry and transport of salutes (cytoplasm/blood plasma: glucose, amino acids ect)
