8.1 Cell Respiration Flashcards
Explain the process of glycolysis including phosphorylation lysis oxidation and ATP formation. Start with explaining glycolysis is
Glycolysis is the process in which one sugar hexose a split split. The reaction does not require oxygen organelles and occurs in and aerobic and anaerobic environment and prokaryotes and eukaryotes
State the differences in oxidation and reduction.
Oxidation: loss of electrons, gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen. Reduction: gaining electrons, loss of oxygen or gaining of hydrogen.
Explain the first step in glycolysis.
Phosphorylation: 2 molecules of ATP are converted into ADP to change hexose into hexose diphosphate
Explain the second process of glycolysis.
Hexose diphosphate splits into triose phosphate
Explain the third process of glycolysis
Coenzymes NAD undergo oxidation to become NADH, released energy and adds inorganic phosphate to triphosphate which results in a compound with two phosphate groups
Explain the fourth step in glycolysis.
ATP formation: enzymes convert 2 ADP to 2 ATP which remove phosphates from triose diphosphate and result in 2 pyruvates
What is the net result of glycolysis?
Net: 2 ATP (4 total) 2 NADH 2 molecules of pyruvate
Draw and label diagrams for instruction of mitochondria electric micrograph.
Matrix, cristae, outer membrane, intermediate space.
Explain aerobic respiration starting with link reaction
Happens in the matrix of mitochondria
-2 pyruvates (c3) care decarbonized by converting NAD into NADH and releasing CO2 this results 2 acetyl CoA (C2)
Krebs cycle
In the matrix of the mitochondria C2 enter the cycle if ATP rebels are low
- C2 combines with C-4 to equal C6,
- C6 is oxidized by the release of NAD into NADH and the release of CO2 into C5,
- C-5 is oxidized for the release of NAD into NADH and CO2 into seat for, C4 at undergoes various changed (NAD-NAD ,FAD to FADH, ADP into ATP = starting c4
What are the products from net Krebs cycle and how many times does it occur?
Will run twice for every glucose entering from cellular respiration because there are two pyruvate molecules. Net products are: 2ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH 4 CO2
Explain the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
NADH converts to H plus and two electrons which are dropped into the beginning of the chain the electrons move down each chain because each cytochrome has a higher electronegativity, as a move down they really small energy as ATP, 02 acts as the final accepter because has very high electro negativity =water
Explain oxidative phosphorylation in terms of chemiosmosis
Kimmy osmosis: the movement of protons [hydrogen ions] to produce energy so that phosphorylation can occur [the ADP plus the P equals ATP]
Oxidative: production of ATP from oxidize hydrogen carriers [as opposed to substrate level phosphorylation] where electrons go through electron transport change they lose energy in ATP what is NAT pH is used to palm Hutchin out islands from the matrix membrane space against the concentration gradient
Explain the relationship between the structure of the mitochondria and its function.
Outer membrane: separates the contents of the mitochondria in the rest of the cell.
Matrix: internal site is so like area] has enzymes and pH for link reaction and Krebs cycle.
Cristae: tubular region surrounded by membranes] increase our surface area for electron transport chain in ATP synthase for chemiosmosis
Inner membrane: carriers of the electron transport chain & ATP synthesis of chemiosmosis
Intermembrane space: reservoir for H+, protons allows concentration gradient to form for chemiosmosis
