6.1 Digestion Flashcards
Explain the need for enzymes indigestion.
Enzymes catalyze for reactions even if low or activation energy equals reaction occurs at lower input of energy
- enzymes allowed I digestion happen at a fast enough rate for survival without needing unsafe temperatures in our body
- digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolysis reaction: role of digestion for large macromolecules into larger molecules
State the -source -substrate -products -optimum ph For 1 amylase
-salivary amylase
Source: Salivary amylase
Substrate: – starch (amylose)
products: maltoseand glucose optimum pH: pH 7 – neutral
State the -source -substrate -products -optimum ph For one protease
Source: stomach sells
substrate: polypeptides [proteins] products: amino acid
optimum pH: pH 3 [acidic]
State the -source -substrate -products -optimum ph One lipase
Pancreatic lipase Source: pancreas sells substrate: lipids [fat droplets] products: glycerol and fatty acid's Optimum pH: pH 7
Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system
Include mouth, oesophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Outline the function of the stomach
-digestion of food
Food sits and gastric juice which is a mixture of three secretions: pepsin: which is the proteins enzyme most active in acid pH, hydrochloric chloric acid: which helps to break down food, curates acidic pH for pepsin, mucus: lines to make wall, prevents, prevents stomach wall from hydrochloric acid
- muscular wall of stomach = churning of food in gastric juice
- food transfers into small intestine
Outline the function of the small intestine
Small intestine is for more digestion (than stomach)most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs
- has bile from the liver and gal bladder for break down
- produces molecules small enough to be absorbed
-Long and convoluted equals
Villi
On inner wall, think I like extensions – increase surface area chips are molecules.
- moves capillary beds taken through circulatory system for energy or to grow bigger
-fatty acids taken by lymphatic system
Outline and the function of the large intestine
Absorption of water: from indigestible food matter
Reabsorption of certain vitamins, contains bacteria which break down the indigestible foods produces vitamins amino acids and other growth factors that are absorbed by the colon
-indigestible by humans or bacteria = waste
Distinguish between absorption of the assimilation
Absorption: the movement of a fluid or dissolved substance across a membrane
Assimilation: The conversion of nutrients into fluid or solid parts of an organism, bringing nutrients your body sell and then using them to build a larger molecules
*absorption is taking it into something assimilation is making a part of something
Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential.
- solve problem of molecular size:
to get to bloodstream molecules must pass through cell membrane of an test done and then into membrane of the pillar big molecules cannot pass through Monday therefore must be digested to be and become small
2.turn molecules into your own
food (plant or animal] has different proteins when food molecules are digested become smaller and reassemble two large molecules they can be later useful to humans
Explain how the structure of the villus is related to its role in absorption and transportation of the products of digestion
Microvilli:
-increased surface area of villus =greater rate of absorption
Rich capillary networks: maintains a concentration gradient for absorption, rapidly transports absorbed products away to rest of the body
Single epithelial layer: ensures minimal diffusion distance btwn intestinal lumen and capillary bed
Lacteals: absorb lipids into lymphatic system
Intestinal crypts: release juice which = carrier fluid for nutrients
Membrane proteins/mitochondria: enable active transport into cells
