5.4 Evolution

Question 1

Outlined the evidence of evolution provided by fossils records

Answer 1

Let existing 500 years ago difference from today, for most of the existence of Earth’s oceans have been present yet fossils of fish are found to be only 500 million years old, present predators – birthday cats or is Dasha not exist during or before dinosaurs, present organisms are not identical to the fossil record – sharks cockroaches ferns, abolition cause change a life that you use a comma

Question 2

Populations tend to

Answer 2

Produce more offspring than the environment can support

Question 3

Define evolution

Answer 3

evolution is the cumulative change of heritable characteristics within a population. –

• 1 change not enough
• passed down through one generation to the next
• affect is not just a one individual

Question 4

Outline the evidence provided by selective breeding

Answer 4

Evidence:

• observation of female and male mating suggests offspring inherits specific traits
• selective breeding: parents w/ desirable genetic characteristic = offspring with same
• selecting = unique variations, animals exist that haven’t before/ meat & milk different than before

Implications;

• traits are heritable
• new characteristics are varying over evolution

Question 5

Outline the evidence of evolution through homologous structures

Answer 5

• structure of bones are similar form but not function in seemingly dissimilar species
• b/c descended from a common ancestor*
• whales have 5 fingers but could swim with different number
• not for efficiency but came from an ancestor that had 5 fingers*

Question 6

Explain that the consequences of the potential overproduction of offspring is a struggle for survival

Answer 6

• it causes a problem of supply and demand
• b/c high demand for resources -water space nutrients sunlight, but limited supply due to limits of the environment
• to retain needed resources, must compete which causes a struggle for survival

Question 7

What do members of species show ?

Answer 7

Variation - choice of mate, sexual reproduction, mutations in DNA

Question 8

Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in species

Answer 8

-meiosis and fertilization promotes variation
B/c:
-in meiosis, 50% of each genetic info in each games
- chromosomes are distributed randomly . . Gametes all varied
-conditions for reproduction and the presence of sperm in chdnqdw
-. . Varies for each offspring

Question 9

Explain how natural selection leads to evolution

Answer 9

• natural selection means best adapted organism will survive
• b/c advantaged organisms will have more offspring and leave more heritable characteristics
• competition causes disadvantaged organism to over time be eliminated
• only viable heritable trait to be one of the advantaged organism - more of that specie will evolve have that trait= evolution

Question 10

Explain example of evolution in response to environmental change (bacteria)

Answer 10

• bacteria is exposed to antibiotic (environment change)
• bacteria without resistance dies off, immune will multiply
• bacteria evinces to have antibiotic resistance

Question 11

Explain evolution in response to environmental change (animal )

Answer 11

• peppered moths: black or whitish
• initially most often white- fit environment
• industrial revolution 1980 trees darken (enviro. Change )
• black moths camflogue , less often eaten by predators than white
• evolved to be more often black