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7453 Neuro Test 4 > Drugs, Alcohol, and Nicotine abuse > Flashcards

Drugs, Alcohol, and Nicotine abuse Flashcards

1
Q

The typical drink has ___ grams of ethanol.

A

12

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2
Q

Coronary heart disease follows a __ shaped dose-response curve.

A

J

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3
Q

Low to moderate drinkers < __ gm/day have a lower risk of CHD.

A

20

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4
Q

Consumption of > __ gm/day ethanol have higher risk of CHD

A

70

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5
Q

Irregular heavy drinking (binge) is defined as > __ drinks taken in < __ hrs

A

5, 2

increases CHD and sudden cardiac death

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6
Q

The guidelines state __gm/week for men

A

196

11 glasses of wine or beer pints

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7
Q

The guidelines state __gm/week for women

A

98

7 drinks

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8
Q

Which 3 countries guidelines allow for 50% higher alcohol consumption?

A
  • Italy
  • Portugal
  • Spain
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9
Q

Which country guidelines call for 50% lower alcohol consumption?

A

United Kingdom

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10
Q

Can alcohol consumption lower incidence of stroke?

A

no

lowers coronary risk, but not stroke, lowers all cause mortality

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11
Q

Alcohol cancer and CHD incidences are lower in __ countries.

a. developed
b. developing

A

b. developing

they have other problems

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12
Q

Decreased inhibitions, and a slight feeling of intoxication occurs at what blood level?

A

0.02 g/dL

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13
Q

Decrease in complex cognitive functions and motor performance occurs at what blood level?

A

0.08 g/dL

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14
Q

Obvious slurred speech, motor incoordination, irritability, and poor judgement occurs at what blood level?

A

0.2 g/dL

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15
Q

Light coma and depressed vital signs occur at what blood level?

A

0.3 g/dL

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16
Q

Death occurs at what blood level?

A

0.4 g/dL

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17
Q

Response times decrease with alcohol and driving.

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

response times didn’t change, but perception probably did

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18
Q

What time do most alcohol crash fatalities occur?

A

Friday 12am to 6am on Saturday

Saturday 12am to 6am Sunday

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19
Q

Alcohol can cause a type of cerebella degeneration called ___ that leads to ataxia and encephalopathy.

A

Wernicke’s

20
Q

Alcohol can cause ___, which is a retrograde and anterograde amnesia related to thiamine deficiency.

A

Korsakoff’s

21
Q

___ drinks/day increase a woman’s risk of cancer by 1.4 fold.

A

1.5

esophageal 3 fold increase
rectal 1.5 fold increase

22
Q

Alcohol can ___ RBC size

a. increase
b. decrease

A

a. increase

various anemia with folic acid reduction

23
Q

What two races have highest mortality from cirrhosis and liver cancer associated with alcohol?

A
  • native americans

- african Americans

24
Q

Is cirrhosis mortality higher in men or women?

A

women

25
Q

3 major alcoholic liver diseases?

A
  • alcoholic hepatitis
  • fatty liver disease
  • cirrhosis
26
Q

What is most common alcoholic liver disease?

A

fatty liver

27
Q

Mortality is almost 60% for alcoholic hepatitis concurrent with cirrhosis at __ years.

A

4

28
Q

Chronic/excessive drinkers of __ to __ gm/day have alcohol related medical conditions.

A

20, 50

29
Q

Both fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis are potentially reversible when drinking stops.

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

30
Q

An AST/ALT ratio of > __ indicates alcoholic liver disease.

A

1

31
Q

Decreased __ causes vitamin K decrease and increased bleeding

A

folate

32
Q

Decrease in what vitamin causes Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

B1 (thiamine)

B3 and B6 also contribute

33
Q

Decrease in what vitamin causes megaloblastic anemia and folate reduction?

A

B12

34
Q

Vitamin _ decrease causes decreased bone density and mass.

A

D

35
Q

4 vitamins/nutrient depleted in alcoholism?

A

A, C, E, selenium

36
Q

3 main areas of medical conditions associated with alcohol?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • liver
  • GI
37
Q

3 main areas of medical conditions associated with tobacco?

A
  • CHD
  • cancer
  • pulmonary
38
Q

Smoking is highest in what country?

A

Saudi Arabia

39
Q

Smoking is lowest in what country?

A

Iceland

40
Q

European studies reported a __ fold increase in lung cancer for cigar smokers.

A

9

41
Q

What type of cancer is most common from tobacco?

A

oropharynx

OR of 2.61

upper respiratory tract OR 2.02

Lung cancer OR 2.14

42
Q

Waterpipe smoking is not as bad as cigarettes/cigars.

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

43
Q

Who has most fatalities from secondhand smoke?

A

women 47%

44
Q

What type of smoking device is designed for one time use?

A

puff bars

45
Q

__ combined with nicotine causes almost double the dopamine effect

A

menthol

46
Q

What 4 organ systems are affected with long term alcohol use?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • hepatic
  • GI
  • CNS

7453 Neuro Test 4 (9 decks)

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