Abuse of Illicit Drugs Flashcards
What age group has highest illicit drug use?
teens and 20s
After alcohol ___ has the highest rate of abuse.
marijuana
other than marijuana, the use of illicit drugs has declined or remained stable
Amphetamine toxicity:
___ is rapidly fatal in pts with drug-induced delirium.
hyperthermia
IV or IM ___ are used to treat amphetamine agitation/delirium.
benzodiazepines
What drug is used to treat status epilepticus in amphetamine toxicity?
propofol
requires endotracheal intubation
Activated charcoal can be used for gastric elimination of recent amphetamine ingestion.
a. true
b. false
a. true
What drug is approved as topical anesthesia of cutaneous lacerations or during otolaryngology procedures as a vasoconstrictor and topical anesthetic?
cocaine
What is the MOA of cocaine?
blocks reuptake of biogenic amines (dopamine, NE, epinephrine, serotonin)
A “washed out” syndrome described by dopamine depletion occurs with which drug?
cocaine
anhedonia and lethargic, but aroused with minimal stimulation and remain cognitively intact
What are mainstays in treatment of acute cocaine toxicity?
supportive care
sedation
Narrow angle glaucoma/vision loss are signs of acute __ toxicity.
cocaine
Heroin is more effective than hydromorphone for pain
a. true
b. false
b. false
What is the most frequently abused opiate?
heroin
Which drug causes abnormal HPA axis, irregular menses, sexual dysfunction, irritability and aggression upon withdrawal?
heroin
How often do experienced heroin users inject?
2-4 times/day
effects will last 3-5 hours
Which morphine metabolite is active?
M6G or M3G
M6G
Heroin via the PO route results in ___-dependent increases in Cpss with Cmax about 1 hour
dose
Does a higher Cpss of morphine occur from morphine or heroin?
heroin
Does an opioid dependent or naive person reach higher Cpss?
dependent
Which illicit drug is used off-label for fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression?
GHB
GHB increases the synthesis and release of dopamine through mesolimbic pathway and increases ___ turnover in the brain
serotonin
What drug is derived from the seeds of the morning glory plant?
lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD)
Which illicit drug is structurally similar to serotonin, stimulates serotonin and dopamine receptors, and modulates NMDA receptor mediated effects?
LSD
Which illicit drugs block NMDA receptors in the brain with high affinity?
phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine
functionally and electrophysiologically dissociate the somatosensory cortex from higher centers
