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Nclex Study Cards > Drugs affecting the Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Drugs affecting the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Antiemetics Ondansetron

A

Ondansetron (brand: Zofran)
Given for nausea and vomiting
Blocks serotonin receptors to stop nausea

Can cause serotonin syndrome: Agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, muscle rigidity

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2
Q

Antiemetics Ondansetron Side effects

A

Headache
Dizziness
Priority side effect: Torsades de pointes

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3
Q

Antiemetics Ondansetron Key points

A

Give before chemo
before or with pain meds that may cause nausea

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4
Q

During chemo infusion child reports nausea and vomits. Priority nursing action?

A

Stop the chemo, flush the line and administer ondansetron

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5
Q

Antiemetics Metoclopramide

A

Metoclopramide (brand: reglan)
Given for nausea and vomiting
Delayed gastric emptying gastroparesis
Contraindicated GI bleed

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6
Q

Antiemetics Metoclopramide Adverse Side effects

A

Dyskinesia
Question order and report to HCP if..
Lip smacking
puffing of cheeks
Blinking of eyes
Pertruding tongue

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7
Q

Antiemetics Metoclopramide Common Side effects

A

No need to report
Sedation
Fatigue
Restlessness
Headache
Sleeplessness
Dry mouth
Constipation
Diarrhea

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8
Q

Constipation: Stool softeners and laxatives

A

Contraindicated for Bowel obstruction huge risk for death

Psyllium Husk
Milk of magnesia
Sodium Docusate Colace - increased water content in the bowel

Teaching: increase fluid, fibre and walking

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9
Q

Lactulose

A

Loosens the bowels to lower ammonia levels
Laxative
Ammonia levels decrease
Cognition returns - improved mental status

Given to decrease ammonia levels in cirrhosis patients
Treats hepatic encephalopathy
poops out ammonia (explosive diarrhea)

ammonia levels decrease via bowel not urine
Does not decrease portal HTN
Abdominal distention will not improve with lactulose
2-3 stools per day
Improved mental status

Diarrhea ad loose stools are not indicators that ammonia levels are decreasing only indicator is improved mental status

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10
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A

Brand: Kayexalate
Given for Hyperkalemia
Helps the large intestine to remove excess K+ within the body
PO is most effective

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11
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Nursing caree e

A

Insure proper bowel function before administration to prevent
intestinal necrosis
Assess the abdomen
Recent bowel patterns and frequency of stools
Potassium within normal limits if drug is effective
Monitor for hypokalemia
Drink fluids after administration

Bowel function is top priority

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12
Q

Loperamide

A

Brand: Imodium
Opioid Anti-diarrheal
given for active diarrhea
makes bowels low and slow, watch for constipation

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13
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Brand: betyl
Given for IBS
Helps to give bowels on regular schedule
Side effect: constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention
Anticolligeric

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14
Q

Dicyclomine Contraindication

A

Not paralytic ileus or bowel obstruction
Not for narrow angle glaucoma, cataracts are okay
Not for someone with urinary retention

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15
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Given for Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
Colitis
Decreases colon inflammation
Immunosuppressant to help the body stop attacking itself
Yellow/orange discolouration of the skin and urine = normal

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16
Q

Sulfasalazine Adverse effects

A

Photosensitivity
Kidney stones
Low urine output - dehydration, elevated urine specific gravity

Drink 8 glasses of water
Take folic acid supplements

17
Q

Acid Prevention

A

Antacids
PPI
H2 Blocker

Used for fast immediate relief
Dont mix with other meds

18
Q

Antacids

A

Sodium Bicarbonate (brand: alka-seltzer)

Calcium carbonate (brand: tums)
Aluminum Hydroxide
both may cause constipation

Magnesium Hydroxide (brand: milk of mag)
May cause diarrhea

Used for fast immediate relief
Don’t mix with other meds
1 hour before or after other meds

19
Q

H2 Blockers

A

Histamine 2 receptors antagonist
Turns down the volume of acid production

Ranitidine (brand: Zantac)
Famotidine (brand: Pepcid)

Take 30min before meals
Given for Gerd and ulcers
Blocks H2 receptors in the stomach

Don’t overeat
Avoid stress
No smoking
No NSAIDS

20
Q

Sucralfate

A

Mucosal Protectant
Treat and prevent small intestine ulcers
Thick layer off the ulcer
Take on empty stomach 1-2 hours before or after food and meds
DONT take with any other meds
Best at bedtime

21
Q

Misoprostol

A

Mucosal Protectant
Not for pregnant risk
Helps against gastric ulcers
Patients on long term NSAID therapy
Always pregnancy test on this drug, drug increases cervical ripening
Reliable birth control is a must
if pregnancy is suspected stop the med and report to HCP
Do not take with antacids

22
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor

A

Omeprazole (brand: Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (brand: Nexium)
Pantoprazole (brand: protonix)

23
Q

Key points PPI

A

Prazole
Prevents holes “stress ulcer prophylaxis”
Porous bones - regular bone density tests
Possible GI infection - C-diff

Indication: heart burn and Gerd
prevents development off ulcer due to stress of surgery or hospital stays
Take 30min before meals

24
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

initial treatment of salicylate toxicity (aspirin)
Aspirin overdose
binds to aspirin and inhibits absorption

25
Q

Signs and symptoms of aspirin toxicity

A

Altered mental status with disorientation and restlessness
Vomiting
Hyperventilation

26
Q

Pancrelipase

A

Helps break down food
Replace digestive enzymes in cystic fibrosis
Must be eaten with every meal and snack or med is not effective
Open capsule and sprinkle contents soon food without chewing
Reduction of fatty stools is an expected outcome

27
Q

IRON

A

Ferrous sulfate (oral)
Iron Dextran (IV/IM)
Treatment for anemia and iron dificency
Dark and black stool = normal and expected
Take on empty stomach 1 hour before medication, because it blocks absorption of other meds

28
Q

B12

A

Cyanocobalamin
Prenicious anemia

29
Q

Folic Acid

A

Anemia
Alcoholics that lack nutrients
patients that are taking sulfasalzine
Pregnant patients: pevents neural tube defects

30
Q

Herbal Supplements Bleed risk

A

Vitamin E
Ginger
Garlic
Ginkgo biloba
Ginseng
Omega 3

31
Q

Glucosamine

A

watch for hypoglycaemia
Treats joint and arthritic pain

32
Q

Hawthorn Extract

A

Treats HF and hypertension

33
Q

Evening Primrose

A

Eczema/skin irritation

34
Q

Saw palmetto

A

Treats BPH
not used for hot flashes

35
Q

Black cohosh

A

Menopause
Hot flashes

36
Q

All supplements nursing care

A

Assess for interactions with clients other meds
Priority drug to drug interactions
Stop 2-3 weeks before surgery

37
Q

Valerian

A

Mental - depression and insomnia
Valium effects

38
Q

St John wort

A

Serotonin, mental depression and insomnia
Caution: for serotonin syndrome
Stay away from other antidepressants
Do not mix: antidepressants, SSRI’s, MAOIs, TCAs

Decreases INR and effectiveness of digoxin

39
Q

Serotonin Syndrome Signs and Symptoms

A

Mild: shivering/diarrhea
Severe signs:
Muscle rigidity/fever
Seizures
Death

Nclex Study Cards (38 decks)

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