Anti-infective Medications Flashcards
Antibiotics Test tips
Finish med to prevent super infection. take until all med is finished. DO not stop taking when feeling better
Accidental Pregnancy: oral contraceptives ineffective, use additional contraception like IUD
No alcohol
No Food for macrolids, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
Take on empty stomach, full glass of water
No Sun: photosensitivity, avoid direct sun exposure
Super toxic to kidney and ears
Vanomycin, Gentamicin, Neomycin
Know your peak and trough, report signs of toxicity
Penicillin and Cephalosporin
Weakens or destroys the bacteria cell wall
Causing lysis or death
Always check for allergies and never MIX one another
Penicillin
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Piperacillin Tazobactam
May causes accidental pregnancy since it stops effectiveness of contraceptives
Take with food if GI upset
Shake well before use
Side effects: Bleeding
If reaction occurs: stop medication, assess the type of reaction before calling the HCP and auscultate the lungs, prepare epinephrine
Cephalosporin
Cephalexin (brand: keflex)
Cefazolin
Ceftriaxone (brand: Rocephin)
Can cause Cdiff
Side: diarrhea
Glycopeptides class
Vancomycin
Toxic for ears and kidneys
Monitor peaks and troughs
check 15-30 minutes before next dose or administration, draw and review levels
Therapeutic range 10-20
Report tinnitus/vertigo signs of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity (increase BUN and creatinine)
Vancomycin
Given for MRSA and Cdiff
Hard to kill
Can burn during administration and is irritating to tissues
Assess site every 30min for pain, redness and swelling
Red mans syndrome: caused by rapid infusion = hypotension, flushing and pruritus “itching”, red rash on face, neck, chest and extremities - monitor BP and infuse over 60min
Do not get confused with anaphylaxis
Does not affect mental status or nausea/vomitting
Amino-glycoside class
tobramycin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Toxic for ears and kidneys
Monitor peaks and troughs
check 15-30 minutes before next dose or administration, draw and review levels
Used for cystic fibrosis - blocks growth of bacteria
Toxic affects when in combination with vancomycin
Notify HCP of increasing BUN and creatine
Elderly and decrease renal function are at risk
No need to report: muscle aches and cramping
Thromycin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Prolonged QT intervals = could lead to MI, monitor ECG
Liver toxic
Common Side effects: don’t stop meds for nausea vomiting, fever, decreased WBC
Take on empty stomach
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Not pregnancy safe
Tooth discolouration
Not sun safe
Used for acne: blocks protein synthesis to stop. bacterial growth
use additional contraception
Take on empty stomach 1-2hr before or after food
Sit up 30min after taking - avoid heart burn
Avoid calcium protects: milk, antacids, iron
Metronidazole
Brand: flagyl
#1 drug to treat C-diff infections
STI (trichomoniasis)
Avoid ETOH both during and 3 days after treatment = vomiting and cramping
No need to report: dark utilize and metallic taste
Deadly: new rash or skin peeling Steven Johnston syndrome
Trimethoprim
UTI medications sulfmethoxazole brand: bactrim) stops folic acid synthesis
Drink 2-3 fluids and take folic acid supplements
Assess for sulpha allergies
not pregnancy safe
Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
UTI medications
Watch for Achilles tendon rupture
Nephrotoxicity is rare
Phenazopyridine
Pain relief during UTI
Analgesic
Turns body fluid red/orange urine
Report liver toxicity - yellow skin
Stains underwear - wear glasses instead of contacts
what is the best action for the nurse to take before administering amoxicillin to a patient with allergies to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone
Ask the patient about the type of reaction they have to ceftriaxone
Which medication can cause yellow sclera and clay coloured stools
Erythromycin
Phenazopyridine
Most liver toxic
A patient in sepsis is prescribed several antibiotics during their hospital stay. What patent teaching should be included?
Levofloxacin
Doxycycline
Vancomycin
Azithromycin
avoid direct sun exposure
Oral birth control ineffective
Monitor QT intervals
Monitor creatinine and BUN
Fluconazole + Ketoconazole
Anti-fungal
Given to treat nail and skin fungal infections
Taken for 2-6 weeks, very liver toxic
Amphotericin B
Treats serious fungus
Lots of adverse side effects:
renal injury = creatinine over 1.3
Low urine output
Nystatin
Treat fungal infections of eyes, mouth, vagina and skin
Oral candidiasis
Shake well - liquid suspension
Inspect mucus membranes for irritation
Remove and soak dentures
Teach to swish inn mouth for several minutes then swallow
Continue after s/s subside
Which medication does the nurse anticipate when treating a patient for C diff
Metroidazole
A patient with oral candidiasis needs assistance in removing and soaking their dentures in this type of solution
Nystatin
A patient with creatinine of 1.8 urine output of 100ml in 4 hours and tinnitus
Which medication should be most responsible for this
Amphotericin
Vancomycin
Neomycin
Antiviral
Acyclovir
Valcyclovir
Treats herpes (genital and cold sores) and herpes zoster
Take daily
NO cure (only slows the virus)
Avoid sex while lesions are present
Drink xtra fluids
Effective: less frequent eruption of lesions
TB Tips
Meds last 6-12 months
N95 worn all the time
Family tested for TB
Sputum samples very 2-4 weeks
3 negative cultures on 3 different days = no longer infectious
Rifampin
TB drugs
red and orange tears, urine and sweat = normal
Wear glasses instead of contacts
Oral contraceptives ineffective
Monitor jaundice = liver toxic
INH Isoniazid
Interferers with absorption of B6 = peripheral neuropathy
Take Vitamin B6 supplements 25-50mg/day
Neuropathy: report new numbness tingling and ataxia
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor and report jaundice, dark urine, fatigue, elevated liver enzymes = hold med
No ETOH!! and limit Tylenol
Etheambutol EYE
Report blurred vision or colour changes
Routine eye exams
A patient is newly prescribed INH to treat their active TB. What instructions are the most important to teach this patient
Monitor for numbness and tingling
Avoid wine at night
Notify HCP if urine turns dark
Take B6 daily
Which statement by the patient requires further teaching
It is okay to have sex with lesions present while on acyclovir
It is normal for rifampin to cause yellow sclera
I will take vitamin B12 while on INH
A patient with TB has been taking Ethan button for 2 months. Which adverse effects should be reported to HCP?
Blurred vision
Colour changes
