Drugs Flashcards
what is observed with chronic toxicity or in Pt.s taking diuretics?
hypokalemia
electrolyte abnormality precipitated by digoxin toxicity primarily in the acute setting
hypokalemia
shouldn’t be consumed for >2 weeks w/o MD prescription
over the counter
If the Pt. is on diuretics, what is necessary during strenuous exercise
drink alot of water to prevent dehydration
What drug: reduce tachycardia, CHF, palpitations, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, HTN, angina, abnormal heart rhythms, increased exercise capacity, vasoconstriction of coronary vessels
Beta Blockers
Beta blocker roots
“-olol”; inderal, propranolol, oxprenolol, sectral, tenormin,
side effects of beta blockers
fatigue, cold hands, SOB, headaches, upset stomach, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness
what drug: anti-HTN, first line diuretic, decreases LE edema, SOB, CHF (it decreases the pre-load and after-load and reduces the workload of the heat
- hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)
- Lasix (loop diuretic/furosemide)
- Spironolactone (aldactone)
Lasix side effects
huperurecemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia
Thiazides
hypokalemia, hypercalemia (so no old people), hyponatremia, increased risk of LDL levels, hyperurecemia
What drug: is a calcium antagonist, decreases force of contraction of heart muscles, causes vasodilation of coronary vessles, decreases anginal pain (prophylactically), antiHTN, decreases arrhythemias
“-Pine” “-zem”
what drug: anti-arrhythmic drug, used for abnormal heart rate (ie: a-fib, a-flutter, and v-tach)
Quinidine
what drug: increases the force/strength of contractility of the ventricles of the heart -> increasing the SV, decreasing duration of contraction of ventricles
digitalis/digoxin
digitalis/digoxin side effects
arrythmia, palpation, fatigue, weakness (2/2 increased strength of contraction)
digoxin toxicity is very common as well as
hypokalemia
what drug: inhibits biosynthesis of angiotensin II and inhibits the increased BP, lowers BP, decreases fluid retention and peripheral resistance, used for CHF
ACE inhibitors
“-pril”
what drug is used for diuresis
Thiazide, loop diuretics, “-ide”,
what drug: blocks angiotensin II receptor site
angiotensin receptor blockers: losartan
what druge is a loop diuretic to treat CHF
“-ide”
furosemide, thiazide
what drug: decreases angina pectoris, decreases pre-load through peripheral vasodilation, coronary artery vasodilation, and decreases myocardial oxygen demand
nitrates
what drug: lowers high cholesterol
Statins
lipitor (atorvastain), zocor, livalo, crestor
what drug: lowers blood cholesterol
niacin
what drug is a treatment for constipation
colace
fibers, laxatives
signs of GI tract disorders
ground coffee emesis, melena
what drug decreases the amount of acids in the stomach
famotidine, omeprazole
what drug is a skeletal muscle relaxant
flexeril, soma, robaxin, norflex
CNS + PNS acting skeletal muscle relaxant
dantrolene/ dantrium
what drug is an anti-depressant (relieving muscle spasms)
bupropion, flexeril, cyclobezaprine
induces convulsions
metrazol
what drugs treat bipolar disorders
lithium, eskalith, lithoboid
what are side effects of levodopa/carbidopa
off phase: dizziness, involuntary movements, dyskinesia, arrhythmia, hallucination. orthostatic hypotension (NOT BRADYCARDIA)
chronic pain/severe pain
narcotics/opioids: codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, acetaminophen, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone
short acting beta-agonists “rescue meds” for acute asthma
abuterol
corticosteriod (decreases body’s immune response to various disease/allergies/breathing problems/ autoimmune disorders (RA/asthma)
predinsore
inhaled nasally, allergic/nonallergic nasal symptoms
fluticasone
long acting beta agonists
salmeterol
what drug treats peripheral neuropathy
pregbalin (lyrica)
chemo therapy liver damage signs
haundice, hepatotoxicity, gray colored stools. dark urine
Chemotherapy signs of bone marrow suppression
easily bruising/bleeding (decreased platelets)
signs of decreased RBCs
anemia and fatigue
signs of decreased WBCs
increased susceptibility to infections
