Drugs 6.6

Question 1

Azoles

Answer 1

Inhibit demethylation of lanosterol to ergosterol- necessary for fungal cell membrane

CYP450 inhibition

Question 2

Octreotide

Answer 2

Somatostatin analog

Tx sx of carcinoid syndrome (inhibits hormone secretion)

Question 3

Dimercaprol

Answer 3

Tx arsenic poisoning (insecticide ingestion)

Question 4

Clindamycin

Answer 4

Mixed pneumonia (aerobes and anaerobes)
Binds 50s subunit- block protein synthesis

Question 5

Latanoprost

Answer 5

Topical prostaglandin
Glaucoma
Increase aqueous humor outflow

Question 6

Ethambutol

Answer 6

TB tx

SE: optic neuropathy

Question 7

Alteplase

Answer 7

Activates plasmin -> clot lysis

Risk hemorrhage

Question 8

Bupropion

Answer 8

Inhibit NE and DA reuptake

SE: seizures, esp w/ pre-existing seizure ds or eating ds

Question 9

Modafinil

Answer 9

Non-amphetamine stimulant

Tx Narcolepsy

Question 10

Abciximab

Answer 10

GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
Inhibits platelet- fibrinogen binding
For unstable angina, acute coronary syndrome

Question 11

Nitrates

Answer 11

Vasodilator

Increase cGMP-> decreased intercellular Ca-> myosin dephosphorylation and sm relaxation-> decrease afterload

Question 12

Theophylline

Answer 12

Methylxanthine
Bronchodilator
OD: NVD, abdominal pain, arrhythmias and seizures

Question 13

Acyclovir

Answer 13

Nucleoside analog (Valacyclovir, famciclovir)
Herpes
Metabolites incorporated into viral DNA -> terminate DNA synthesis

Question 14

Methotrexate

Answer 14

Competitive irreversible DHF reductase inhibitor
Prevents THF formation-> DHF polyglutamate
Tx ectopic pregnancy

Question 15

Sertraline

Answer 15

SSRI

SE: sexual dysfxn common

Question 16

Finasteride

Answer 16

5a-reductase inhibitor
Decrease testosterone-> DHT
BPH and male pattern hair loss

Question 17

Benztropine

Answer 17

Centrally acting antimuscarinic

For drug induced Parkinsonism (eg antipsychotic drugs)

Question 18

Metronidazole

Answer 18

For trichomonas vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis

Disulfiram like rxn after drinking

Question 19

Corticosteroids

Answer 19

Side effect:
Psychosis
Neutrophilia (demargination)
Immunosuppression

Question 20

Niacin

Answer 20

Hyperlipidemia-decrease hepatic TG and VLDL synthesis and HDL clearance
SE: flushing, hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, decrease renal excretion uric acid-> gout

Question 21

Loop diuretics

Answer 21

Furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide

SE: ototoxicity, hypo- Mg and Ca

Question 22

Short acting insulin

Answer 22

Aspart, Lispro, GlUlisine- shortest
Regular- longer

ALURe

Question 23

Diphenhydramine

Answer 23

1st gen antihistamine
Also may block cholinergic, a-adrenergic, serotonergic receptors

Pupil dilation, accommodation, drowsy, vasodilation, appetite stimulation and weight gain

Question 24

Bosentan

Answer 24

Endothelin-R antagonist

Vasodilator for pulmonary HTN