Drugs

Question 1

Lithium

Answer 1

1st line bipolar drug

Blocks ADH at kidney-> nephrogenic DI

Question 2

Metoclopramide

Answer 2

Tx vomiting, gastroparesis

DA-R antagonist- exacerbate/ cause Parkinsonian sx

Question 3

Ganciclovir

Answer 3

CMV retinitis

Blocks DNA chain elongation

Question 4

Azithromycin

Answer 4

Bind 23s part of 50s subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes-block subunit translocation on mRNA- inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance- 23s subunit methylation

Question 5

Cyclosporine

Answer 5

Inhibits calcineurin-> decreased IL-2 transcription

Question 6

Acitretin

Answer 6

Psoriasis, acne, photoaging, skin neoplasms
Promote cellular differentiation, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects
Teratogen- neuro, cardiac, thymic, and craniofacial abnormalities

Question 7

Probenecid

Answer 7

Inhibits organic anion transporters in kidney

-> increase serum penicillin concentrations

Question 8

Amitriptyline

Answer 8

TCA
Second line depression; neuropathic pain, migraines
SE: anticholinergic, a-blockade

Question 9

Paclitaxel

Answer 9

Anti-neoplastic: binds b-tubulin and prevents microtubule breakdown-> arrest in M phase
-> prevent restenosis after coronary stent- prevent intimal hyperplasia

Question 10

Ritonavir

Answer 10

navir= HIV protease inhibitor-can’t cleave gag and pol
Atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir
SE: metabolic complications- lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance

Question 11

CYP inhibitor

Answer 11

Acetaminophen, NSAIDs
Abx/antifungals
Amiodarone
Cimetidine, Omeprazole
Thyroid hormone
SSRIs
Cranberry juice, Ginkgo biloba, vitam

Question 12

CYP inducers

Answer 12

Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin 
Rifampin
Ginseng
Green vegetables
Oral contraceptives
St. John's wort

Question 13

Raltegravir

Answer 13

integrase inhibitor-block HIV DNA from integrating into host chromosome-> block transcription viral genes

Question 14

Cilostazol

Answer 14

inhibit platelet phosphodiesterase-> decreased platelet activation
arterial vasodilation
tx Peripheral arterial ds

Question 15

Amiloride

Answer 15

K+-sparing diuretic
block ENaC channel in collecting tubule
Triamterene same mechanism

Question 16

Primaquine

Answer 16

Eradicate hyponozoites-latent malaria

Question 17

Phentolamine

Answer 17

a-blockade

prevent NE extravasation (necrosis from vasoconstriction at injection site)

Question 18

Bortezomib

Answer 18

Boronic acid-containing dipeptide
Proteasome inhibitor
Tx multiple myeloma

Question 19

Chlorpheniramine

Answer 19

1st gen antihistamine

sedating-do not use w/ benzos

Question 20

Diazepam

Answer 20

Benzo
For GAD, panic attacks, insomnia, status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, UMN disorders, tetanus (muscle relaxant)
DNU w/ alcohol, barbiturates, neuroleptics, or 1st gen antihistamines

Question 21

Fibrates (gemfibrozil, fenofibrate)

Answer 21

activate PPAR-a to decrease hepatic VLDL production and increase LPL activity (release FFA for energy or storage)
Decrease TG and increase HDL

Question 22

Carbamazepine

Answer 22

1st line trigeminal neuralgia
Blocks Na channel recovery-> inhibits neuronal firing
SE: marrow suppression, SIADH