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ICP 2025 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Whats our Adult dosage for Adenosine in SVT?

A

1st = 6mg
after 2 mins
2nd = 12mg
after 2 mins
3rd = 12mg

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2
Q

Contraindications for Adenosine?

A

Second or Third AV block without pace-maker or sick sinus

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3
Q

MoA of Adenosine

A

Agonism of Adenosine receptors A1 and A2 reducing conduction time.
Increases potassium efflux and inhibiting calcium influx through channels in the nerve cells –> hyperpolarization of cell

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4
Q

Whats our Paediatric dosage for Adenosine in SVT?

A

1st = 100mcg/kg
after 2 mins
2nd = 200mcg/kg
after 2 mins
3rd = 300mcg/kg

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5
Q

Caution for Adenosine?

A

Reactive airway disease as it may cause 30mins of bronchoconstriction

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6
Q

MoA of Amiodarone

A

Block potassium efflux –> prolongs the absolute refractory period

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7
Q

Contraindications for Aspirin?

A

Severe Bleeding
Reyes Syndrome

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8
Q

Onset of Aspirin?

A

10 mins

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9
Q

MoA of Aspirin

A

Inhibits COX-1 enzyme which blocks the production of Thromboxane A2 which is needed for platelet aggregation

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10
Q

Atropine Dosages?

A

Atropine 600mcg
Repeat PRN
If ineffective after 1.2 mg try other methods ie adrenaline/pacing
Max 3mg

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11
Q

MoA Atropine

A

Competitively binds to and inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

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12
Q

How do we mix Benzylpenicillin?

A

1.2g with 3.2mL water

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13
Q

MoA of Benzylpenicillin?

A

Inhibits the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis leading to lysis

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14
Q

Which bacterial does Benzylpenicillin target?

A

Gram positic cocci
Narrow spectrum antibiotic

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15
Q

Precuations for Carbetocin?

A

Pre-eclampsia
Migraine
Asthma

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16
Q

Duration of Action of Carbetocin?

A

Sustained uterine contraction for 11 mins
Rhythmic contractions for 120 mins

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17
Q

MoA of Carbetocin?

A

Binds to oxytocin receptors on the smooth musculature of the uterus

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18
Q

Duration of Action of Clonazepam?

A

Onset of action 15 mins
Duration 6-12 hours

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19
Q

What do we use Clonazepam for?

A

Palliative care anxiety
Delirium in combination with haloperidol

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20
Q

Cophenylcaine constituents?

A

5% Lidocaine
0.5% Phenylephrine

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21
Q

Cophenylcaine Onset of action?

A

1-2 minutes for onset
Duration of 1 hour

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22
Q

Cophenylcaine MoA?

A

Phenylephrine: Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist causing vasocosntriction
Lidocaine: Bings to internal sodium channels preventing the post synaptic neuron from depolarising

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23
Q

Contraindications for Droperidol

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Parkinsons
Phaechromocytoma
Pregnancy
Long QT

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24
Q

Onset of Action of Droperidol

A

Onset 10-15 minutes
Duration 3-4 hours

25
Q

Adverse reactions to Droperidol?

A

Hypotension
Respiratory Depression
Extrapyramidal events

26
Q

Droperidol MoA?

A

Multitude of effects

27
Q

Onset of Action Fentanyl

A

2-5mins
Duration 30-60mins

28
Q

Fentanyl MoA

A

Binds to opiate receptors, especially Mu –> decreases influx of calcium ions –> hyper-polarization of nerves –> decrease activity

29
Q

MoA of Fexofenadine?

A

Agonist of the H1 receptor preventing activation and de-granulation of mast cells.

30
Q

MoA Glucagon?

A

Activation of hepatic glucagon receptors stimulating glycogenolysis and release of glucagon

31
Q

MoA GTN?

A

GTN –> NO –> cGMP increase leading to further vasodilation

32
Q

MoA Haloperidol?

A

Antagonist of Dopamine (D2) both in the mesocortical system and CTZ

33
Q

Onset of Action of Hydrocortisone?

A

10 mins
Duration 6-12 hours

34
Q

What do we use Hyoscine Butylbromide for?

A

Delirium and Anxiety
Nausea and vomiting along with bowel obstruction
Augmented Sedation with benzodiazapine

35
Q

MoA of Hysocine Butylbromide

A

M3 receptor antagonist resulting in decreasing colonic contraction
Reduces spasms
Blocks transmission of neural impulses in the parasympathetic ganglia

36
Q

MoA Ibuprofen

A

COX1 and COX2 inhibition leading to prostaglandin reduction and in turn pain, inflammation and fever

37
Q

MoA Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist –>inhibit parasympathetic drive –>decrease bronchial secretion and constriction

38
Q

Adverse effects of Ketamine

A

Dysphoria and emergence
Apnoea
N/V
Tachycardia and hypertension
Laryngospasm
Hypersalivation

39
Q

MoA Ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist
Delta type Opiod binder, Kappa agonist, Mu binder
Monoaminergic
Muscarinic binder
Calcium gated ion channels

40
Q

Levetiracetam MoA?

A

Increases function of synaptic vesicle protein –> increased release of neurotransmitters

41
Q

Onset of action of Lorazepam?

A

15 minutes
Duration 6-8 hours

42
Q

Adverse effects of Lorazapam?

A

Vertigo
Disorientation
Paradoxical excitation

43
Q

MoA Lorazapam?

A

Binds to GABA-A –> increases flow of chloride ions into the cell –> hyperpolarization

44
Q

MoA Magnesium Sulphate?

A

Vasodilation: Calcium antagonist –> decreases intracellular calcium –>decreases myosin contractility –> decreases spasm
Anticonvulsant: Decreases acetylcholine released at the motor end plate –> prevents seizures

45
Q

Contraindications of Metaraminol?

A

Heart block due to reflex bradycardia
Heart failure due to high afterload

46
Q

MoA Metaraminol?

A

Alpha-1 Adrenergic

47
Q

When do we use metoclompramide?

A

N/V
Poor gastric emptying
Nausea due to constipation

48
Q

Contraindications for metoclopramide?

A

Intestinal obstruction
Parkinsons disease

49
Q

MoA Metoclopramide?

A

Nausea: Inhibits D2 and Serotonin 5-HT3 in CTZ
Prokinetic: releases ach allowing increased lower oesophageal sphincter and gastric tone –> gastric emptying

50
Q

Naloxone onset of action?

A

IV and IN: 1-2 mins
IM: 2-5 mins

51
Q

Naloxone MoA

A

Competitive inhibitor of the u-opiod receptor

52
Q

Contraindications for Olanzapine?

A

Parkinsons
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

53
Q

Onset of action and duration for Olanzapine

A

Onset 15 mins
Duration 24 with peak at 6 hours

54
Q

MoA ondansetron?

A

Selective antagonist of Serotonin 5-HT3

55
Q

Paracetamol onset of action?

A

IV: 5-10 mins
Oral: 15-30 mins

56
Q

Salbutamol contraindications?

A

<1 year old

57
Q

MoA of Salbutamol?

A

Beta-2 agonist –> Increase intracellular cAMP –> Inhibits phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium –> relaxation

58
Q

Indications for TXA use?

A

HR>120 or SBP <90
Less than 3 hours

59
Q

MoA TXA?

A

Inhibits the activation of plasminogen (binding of plasminogen to fibrin causes fibrinolysis)

ICP 2025 (45 decks)

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