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Biomed Test highlights > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Suffixes: Amil, -Pine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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2
Q

Suffixes: -Caine

A

Local anesthetics

- lidocaid

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3
Q

Suffixes: - dine

A

H2 blocker, anti-ulcer agents
-rantadine

a group of medicines that reduce the amount of acid produced by the cells in the lining of the stomach. They are also called ‘histamine H2-receptor antagonists’ but are commonly called H2 blockers.

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4
Q

Suffixes: - done

A

opioids - methadone

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5
Q

Suffixes: - ide

A

oral hypoglycemic
-glymeperide

Oral hypoglycemic drugs are used only in the treatment of type 2 diabetes which is a disorder involving resistance to secreted insulin.

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6
Q

Suffixes: - lam

A

anti-anxiety

-alprazolam

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7
Q

Suffixes: - Mycin

A

antibiotic
-eryrhromycin
azythromycin

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8
Q

-mide

A

diuretic

-fraozamide

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9
Q

suffixe: nuim

A

neurological/nerve blocker - used to block pain in specific nerves

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10
Q

olol

A

beta blocker
-tropolol

medications that reduce blood pressure. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. Beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which lowers blood pressure.

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11
Q

suffix: -pam/zolam

A

anti-anxiety

diazapam

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12
Q

suffix: -pine

A

calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

-Pril

A

Ace inhibitor
-progressive cough
help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure.

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14
Q

-sone

A

Steroids

-hyrocortisone

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15
Q

-statin

A

anticholesterol

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16
Q

-vir

A

antiviral

- like herpes

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17
Q

-zide

A

diuretics

-diazide (potassium sparing)

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18
Q

analgesic

A

pain reliever

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19
Q

aanticholinergic

A

blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses

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20
Q

Opiate agonists

A

Narcotics used to treat pain when non-narcotics are not effective

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21
Q

When should aspirin be used carefuly

A

When there are renal fx problems

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22
Q

opiate withdrawal sx

A

nausea, vomit, elevated BP, anorexia, ab cramps, restlessness

Sx peak 48 hrs after discontinued use

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23
Q

Ergotamine treat migraines. What is added to facilitate GI absorption.

A

Caffine

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24
Q

Side effects of ergot derivatives

A

Nausea, cold fingers and toes (vasoconstrictor)

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25
Q

To avoid Reyes syndrome, a child should avoid

A

Aspirin (metabolized/taxing to LV)

Reyes syndrome causes swelling to LV and brain

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26
Q

How long does it take triptans to decrease migranes

A

2 hrs

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27
Q

Triptans address migranes by altering concentration of what hormone?

A

Seritonin

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28
Q

NSAIDS are contraindicated with what?

A

GI issues

Volatron

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29
Q

Talwin and Stadol are

A

agonist - antagonists- acts like an opiate, but when used with opiates will counter act and cause withdrawl

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30
Q

The most common adverse affect of ACE inhibitors is what?

A

dry cough

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31
Q

When to treat high BP?

A

130/80

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32
Q

When are ACE inhibitors contraindicated

A

2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Renal function
CHF

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33
Q

how do ACE inhibitors work to lower BP

A

Dilate arterioles by preventing formation of angiotensin II

ACE converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

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34
Q

How do adregenic blockers (Beta blockers) lower BP

A

block the effect of the sympathetic nervous system that responds to stress by increasing BP

Beta blockers blocking effects of epinephrine and norepanephrine

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35
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers action (ARBs)

A

lower BP
Helping relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood. Angiotensin is a chemical in your body that narrows your blood vessels. This narrowing can increase your blood pressure and force your heart to work harder.

ARBs work by blocking receptors that the hormone acts on, specifically AT1 receptors, which are found in the heart, blood vessels and kidneys

suffix - sartan
-No potassium supplements

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36
Q

Suffix: -sartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers action (ARBs)

hypertensino/HT failure

37
Q

Angiotensin II triggers release of aldosterone. Aldosterone causes kidneys to retain sodium and excrete potassium

A

study

38
Q

Mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is to

A

inhibit production of angiotensin II

39
Q

In women, a1 blockers may cause

A

urinary incontinence

40
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

prevent calcium from entering muscles of heart and blood vessels, which cause vessels to relax and bp to go down
-cardizem

41
Q

Beta blockers vs alpha

A

beta blocks impulse to HT
Alpha to blood vessels
Alpha-beta blockers - both HT and blood vessels: Trandate (labetalol)

42
Q

What interferes with ACE inhibitors

A

NSAIDs, OTC antacids, caffine

43
Q

ARBs and Ace inhibitors cause:

A

vasodilation: excretion of sodium and water and retention of potassium

44
Q

-zol

A

ant-fungal

45
Q
  • cillin

- cycline

A

antibiotic

46
Q

-floxacin

A

antibiotic

47
Q

-prazole

A

Protein Pump Inhibitor

GERD

48
Q

-terol

A

asthma

beta 2 agonist

49
Q

-triptan

A

Migraines

serotonin agonist

50
Q

What supplements are contraindicated with Coumadin or Warfarin

A

Vitamin K(leafy greens) - coagulant

Avoid COQ10 - its similar to vitamin K

omega-3 fatty acids may rarely increase the risk of bleeding when combined with other medications that can also cause bleeding such as warfarin.

51
Q

Main side effect of statins and how to address?

A

Myalgia – take COQ10

52
Q

What is contraindicated with ginkgo?

A

Blood-thinning medications – Ginkgo has blood-thinning properties and therefore should not be used if you are taking anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, such as aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), or warfarin (Coumadin).

53
Q

What drug interacts with vitamin E

A

Taking vitamin E along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding (anticoagulants) Warafin

54
Q

Know the relationship between vitamin C and iron absorption

A

vitamin C must be consumed at the same time as the iron in order to be effective.

-Increases the solubility/uptake

55
Q

What are herbal anticoagulants

A 
Turmeric. ...
Ginger. 
Cayenne peppers.  
Vitamin E.  
Garlic. 
Cassia cinnamon. .
Ginkgo biloba. 
Grape seed extract.
Dong quai
fever few
bromelain (pineapple)
56
Q

Beriberi

A

Thiamine deficiency
Spasticity, difficulty walking, muscle weakness, problems with coordination, or loss of muscle, peripheral neuropathy, limb, loss of appetite, sensation of pins and needles, shortness of breath, or swelling in extremities

57
Q

Signs of B12 deficiency

A

Anemia, seizures, peripheral neuropathy

58
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with rickets

A

Vitamin D

59
Q

Signs of Niacin deficiency include

A

Dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia

60
Q

vitamin deficiency when subsisting on high sugar/junk food diet

A

B1 - Thiamine

Also with alcoholism

61
Q

An early symptom of vitamin A is:

A

night blindness

62
Q

Signs of vitamin E deficiency

A

Neurological defects (Can’t control arms/legs), creatinuria, hemolytic anemoa

63
Q

Signs of toxic levels of niacin (B3)

A

facial flush
jaundice
vasodilation

64
Q

toxic levels of vitamin A cause

A

headache or intercranial pressure

65
Q

vitamin d toxicity leads to

A

hypercalcemia

66
Q

Vitamin that can lead to peripheral neuropathy

A

B6

67
Q

What medications should not be taken with St John’s wort?

A

antidepressant. Combining the two medications can lead to serotonin syndrome. - HT problems, shivering anxiety

Drugs for high bp

68
Q

Selinium should not be taken with what?

A

anticoagulants because it might also slow blood clotting and lead to bleeding/bruising disorder

69
Q

MAOI

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B. They are best known as highly efficacious anti-depressants, as well as effective therapeutic agents for panic disorder and social phobia.

Cheese, especially aged cheese, contains substantial amount of tyramine. For this reason, persons taking MAOI antidepressants are cautioned to avoid foods that are rich in tyramine so that the hypertensive crises can be avoided.

70
Q

Lupus (SLE)

A

Autoimmune - joint pain, can impact organs, unexplained fever, prolongued fatigue, reynauds
butterfly rash

71
Q

MAOI - Monamine oxidise Inhibitors

A 
Anti depressive
-ine
Contraindicated with foods containing tyramine - aged cheese, chianti, beer, bananas, yeast, avocado, chx LV - may lead to hypertensive crisis and flushing
- No other SSRI like St Johns Wart 
- Contraindicated with epinephrine

Common side effects: Postural hypotension, hypertension, abnormal ht rhythm, sexual dysfunction, weight gain

Fenelzine
Fluoxetine

72
Q

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

Bacterial infection - UTI

73
Q

SSRI inhibitors

A

Prevents reuptake of seratonin
Headache, nervous, insomnia, drowsy, anxiety
Side effects
contra with pregnancy
caution with rental, diabetes, lactation
St Johns, MAOI, Tricyclic antidepressants - Antipsychotics/neuroleptics

74
Q

Beta Blocker

A 
Hypertensive 
-olol
Side effects - bradycardia
Contra:CHF, diabetes, COPD, asthma
Avoid NSAIDs, insulin 
Block epinephrine (adrenaline) from affected sympathetic nervous system
75
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A 
Hypertensive drug
They work by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. 
-Pine
Avoid grapefruit
- Acute MI, pulmonary congestion
76
Q

Drug class Anticoagulants

A

Warfarin, coumadin (general), aspirin (acetaminophen), heparin
Suffix: -in

embolism - antithrobolitic
Heparin - faster
Warfarin - keeps blood moving

contraindications: Diabetes, hepatic, pregnancy, hemorrhage

Contraindicated: Fish oil, vitamin E, K (coagulant), Ginko, turmeric, feverfew, dong gui,

77
Q

Statins

A 
Cholesterol -Hmg-Coa
-Statin 
contra: pregnancy
Red yeast rice - natural statin
Side effect: Myalgia - take COQ10 to counterct
Grapefruit - increases impact
78
Q

Niacin (B3)

A

Used for lowering cholesterol
excess - flush
deficiency - Pellagra - Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

79
Q

NSAIDs (Non steroidal anti inflammatory)

A

Cox 2 - GI

The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Cyclooxygenase is required to convert arachidonic acid into thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and prostacyclins. [9] The therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are attributed to the lack of these eicosanoids.

celebrex, Ibuprofen

Contra: Beta blockers, GI problems, pregnany
COX 1- GI
COX 2- Inflammatio

80
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Tylenol
Class: analgesics/pain reliever, lowers fever (does not reduce inflimmation)
Side effect - Liver, tinnitus,
Contra - Alcohol

NSAIDS
Reduce inflammation and pain, reduce fever
ibuprofen (propionic)

Aspirin- (salycylate)

81
Q

Antihistamines

A

First generationn: Benadryl - drowsy
Second generation: claratin

H1 -suppresses inflammatory reactions caused by histamine - allergies
H2 - block histamines in Stomach (acid)

82
Q

Class: Benzodiazepine

A

-Pam
As depressants—drugs which lower brain activity—they are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. - tranquilizers
- can cause depression
-xanax - Klonopin
-contra with alcohol - CND central nervous depression, or oral contraceptives, grapefruit
-Act by facilitating the binding of the (inhibitory neurotransmitter) GABA at various GABA receptors throughout the CNS.

83
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Prednisone (Cases osteoporosis, glaucoma, fluid retention, high BP)

Corticosteroids modify the functions of epidermal and dermal cells and of leukocytes participating in proliferative and inflammatory skin diseases.

  • Brain tumors to skin disease, MS, RA, lupus (any autoimmune)

Contra- anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs

84
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A 
GERD
Proton-pump inhibitors are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production. They do so by irreversibly inhibiting the stomach's H⁺/K⁺ ATPase proton pump. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available.
85
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Albuterol
-terol

MOA: targeting the beta-2 receptor, which is a G-protein coupled receptor, in the lung airways. When the beta-2 receptor is activated, the smooth muscle of the airway relaxes. Subsequently, the patient experiences better airflow for a period.

Side effects - rapid heart rate, dizziness

86
Q

Estrogen

A

For menopause sx, osteoporosis, advanced prostate cancer

Can increase chances of breast cancer

87
Q

Hypothyroid drug

A

Levotyhroxine/synthroid

88
Q

Hyperthyroid drug

A

Treatments include medications like thionamides radioactive iodine, sometimes surgery.

Biomed Test highlights (11 decks)

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