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Biomed Test highlights > Common Disorders > Flashcards

Common Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

difference between respiratory illness

A

Chronic Bronchitis - blue bloater - Blue lips (cyanosis) Productive cough for over 3 mos of year. Crackle and wheeze. (COPD) Normally history of smoking. Had a cold that develops into respiratory infection.

Emphysema - Pink puffer. Pursed lips. Barrel chest. minimal cough. decreased breath sounds. Pink skin. (COPD) Normally history of smoking.

Asthma - Trouble on exhale, mucus, difficulty breathing, chest pain, inflammation in airway.

Pneumonia - during occultation - pneumonia has dull sounds.

  • Fatigue, loss of appetite
  • air-sac of one or both lungs fills with fluid
  • more deadly for younger and older
  • fever chills
  • difficulty breathing
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2
Q

Sounds associated with pulmonary disorders

A

Bronchitis - Rhonchi- low pitched wheezing that happens on exhale and is a sign of bronchitis or COPD

Asthma- high pitched wheezing

Pneumonia - Rales - cracking or bubbling noises. Dull percussion sound when tapping lungs.

emphysema - reduction of lung sounds

Whooping cough- pertussis- high pitched crowing

Croup- (steeple sign), strider - barking

Health liver - percussion is full

Healthy lungs - percussion is resonant

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3
Q

Brain Aneurysm

A

epidural - Lucid intervals - emergency
subdural hematoma- elderly and alcoholics
arachnoid - Thunderclap headache - emergency

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4
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

a condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart.

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5
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular heart beat

Afibulation - The heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles). Can lead to a blood clot. Increases risk of stroke, heart failure and other HT related complications.

Premature ventricular contraction - a too-early heartbeat that originates in the ventricles and disrupts the heart’s normal rhythm. can be associated with: Certain medications, including decongestants and antihistamines.

tachycardia

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6
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease

A

Poor circulation caused by arteriosclerosis

Sx - Claudication- arm or leg pain when walking, skin is cool, loss of hair on legs, thin skin, ulcers

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7
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

A

Another form of arteriosclerosis

Build up of plaque. No sx to chest pain, HT attack, indigestion, nausea, light headed, shortness of breath

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8
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Blockage of blood flow to HT

tightness, pain, anxiety, radiating pain

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9
Q

Congestive Heart failure (CHF)

A

Pitting edema in their legs, feet, excess urine in night (nocturia), palpitations, fast breathing, SOB lying down

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10
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

Normally one leg
Red or discolored, feeling of warmth

Test - squeeze the calf and n

Homan’s test - dorsiflex ankle and squeeze calf - causes pain, is hot and red

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11
Q

Cellulitis

A

Bacterial infection that causes pain, heat, swelling, tenderness

Treat with antibiotic

Group A and B: Hemolytic strep and sterp pneumoniae

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12
Q

hypertension

A

120/80 - normla
120-129 - elevated
130 - hypertension

Hypertension crisis: 180/120

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13
Q

Hypotension

A

90/60

Light headed, dizzy, fainting, confusion

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14
Q

Dermatological conditions

A

Next

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15
Q

Scabies

A

Tracks - between fingers and folds like armpits

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16
Q

Impetigo

A

Usually young, face, red and yellow crusty

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17
Q

Atopic dermatitis / eczema

A

Arms, behind knees (yin side of body)
Red, itchy
Pin point bleeding
often accompanies with allergies

Contact. - chemical/dyes/poison oak leads to eczema

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18
Q

Erysipelas

A

Painful red cheeks and nose. - upper dermis

Bacterial infection,

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19
Q

Cellulitis

A

hot, red, fevers, chills, bacterial infection

Deeper infection

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20
Q

Posriasis

A

Dry, itchy, scrapes off, silvery scales
More chronic
systemic inflammation - chronic autoimmune condition

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21
Q

tinnea

A

Ringworm
scaly, red itchy, round rings
pedis tinnea - athletes foot

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22
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

Triggered by some allergen

23
Q

Alopecia

A

Going bald

24
Q

Burns

A

1st - superficial - epidermis
2 - partial depth - can go into dermis - blisters
3. Epidermis Full dermis - no sensitive to light touch - hospitalization
4. goes to muscle or bone - no pain- hospitalization

25
Q

Endocrine

A

Next

26
Q

Cushings

A

Moon face
Taking cortisol for too long
thin skin
hump back. weight gain around the midsection and upper back, thinning of your arms and legs, easy bruising and stretch marks

27
Q

Addisons

A

Autoimmune
low cortisol - deficient aldosterone
hyperpigmentation, Fatigue, anxiety, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, low bp
(President Kennedy)

28
Q

Diabetes

A

Type I - can’t create insulin (genetic, kid, dizziness, peeing a lot, tired)
II - Insulin resistance (lifestyle, overweight, smokes drinks, poor diet)

Fruity smell - keto-acidosis

Treatment - insulin, diet, lifestyle

Insulin and glucogon created in pancreas
Insulin helps cells absorb glucose and reduces blood sugar and provides cells with energy

Glucogon is released from the pancreas with blood sugar levels are too low bring more glucose into blood

29
Q

Diabetes Inspidus

A

an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This imbalance leads you to produce large amounts of urine. It also makes you very thirsty even if you have something to drink.

30
Q

Hyperlipidema

A

High Cholesterol - LDL
Risks - MI or stroke
Statin - myalgia

31
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

High blood sugar, weight around waist, high triglyceride (cholest), reduced HDL, high BP

Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes

32
Q

Parathyroid disorders

A

Lead to high levels of calcium in blood which can lead to brittle bones

Calcitonin (Thyroid)- carries calcium to bones
PTH- calcium to blood

Hyperparathyroid can lead to osteoporosis, KD disease, HT disease

33
Q

pituitary disorders

A

Cushings - The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates both production and secretion of cortisol

acromegaly

growth hormone deficiency

34
Q

Pituitary

A

Anterior- Growth hormone - LH (triggers ovulation) and FSH (Increase–> monopause)
GH(hypo-dwarf, hyper-acromegaly), PRL, ACTH, TSH, MSH, FSH, LH
Posterior- Oxytocin - uterine contraction
ADH - decreases urine volume and raised blood pressure by constricting vessels

35
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

NEXT

36
Q

Appendicitis

A

pain RLQ

Mcburneys point - Rebound pain
Rovsing sign- push left, and pain on right
Hambergers sign - Not hungry
Emergency

37
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Late state LV disease
Often from hepatitis or alcoholic
Jaundice, GI bleeding, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, fatigue, weak
Pellegra - B3 deficiency
- Avoid Tylenol, ACE, NSAIDs
-Abdominal swelling caused by accumulation of fluid, most often related to liver disease.

38
Q

Menstruation phases

A

Menstrual

Follicular - Estrogen spikes, LH spikes right before ovulation

Ovulation

Luteal - Progesterone spikes

39
Q

Diverticulosis
vs
Diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain

Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract. - Painless lower GI bleeding. Most common 40+

Diverticulitis- When one or more of these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called. Pain, fever. Colonoscopy can be risk factor. NPO- nothing by mouth - IV fluid

40
Q

Celiacs disease

A

Sx: Weight loss, diarrhea, bloating, gas, fatigue, low blood count (anemia)- occurring in ilium first part of SI, with celiac disease not absorbing nutrients, and osteoporosis. Many people have no symptoms.

41
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

Symptoms can include abdominal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea.

42
Q

cholelithiasis vs cholecystitis

A 
cholelithiasis: Gall stone - Pain in RUQ that can radiate to scapula 
4F:
Forties
Fat
Female
Fertile

cholecystitis- gall bladder infection, fever, chills, pain in RUQ - often caused by gall stones

Murphey’s sign - palpate and it causes inspiratory arrest

43
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of lining of stomach

Causes include infection, injury, regular use of pain pills called NSAIDs, and too much alcohol.
Symptoms include upper belly pain, nausea, and vomiting. Sometimes, there are no symptoms. Gastritis can lead to ulcers or ST cancer.

Antibiotics and antacids might help.

Ulcer - deeper, open sore in lining

44
Q

Peptic Ulcer VS Gerd

A

GERD - acid in esophagus (food pipeline), HT burn/indigestion, burning pain in chest occurs after eating and worsens lying down, nausea, regurgitation, bitter taste, dry cough

45
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

Peptic Ulcer - acid in stomach lining - H-pylori, aspirin, HT burn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting. Coming up into food pipe

Gastric - greater pain with food

Duodenal - decrease pain with food

46
Q

Hepatits

A 
Vaccine - A, B
Blood - B, C
Fecal Oral - A, E
Acupuncturists - B
Chronic - C, E
47
Q

Cronhs - IBS

A

Discontinuous - skip lesions

Anywhere in digestive tract. Ileum often included

48
Q

Ulcerative Colitis - IBD

A

blood in stool
more rx of colon cancer
continuous
normally starts from bottom of colon - rectum

49
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

More psychological - acupuncture is best

50
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Pancreatitis - inflammation of pancreas - auto-digestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzyme which causes inflammation

Acute - GET SMASHED
Gall stone, alcohol, trauma
Steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpion sting etc

Chronic
Adults - Alcohol related
kids - cystic fibrosis
Steatorrhea - fat in stool (both?)

51
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

Abdominal pain radiating to back
weight loss

75% occur in head of pancreas

Whipple treatment - remove pancreas, bile duct, duodenum

52
Q

Guillain-barre syndrome

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, autoimmune disorder in which a person’s own immune system attacks your nerves & damages myelin sheath. First sx are weakness and tinging in extremities, and can eventually cause muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis of your whole body

2/3 patients report symptoms of an infection in the 6 weeks preceding including respiratory and GI infect or zika virus.

Tx: Special blood treatments (plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy) can relieve symptoms. Physical therapy is needed.

GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage.

53
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune dx - immune system attacks postsynaptic acetacholine (ACH) receptor so there is reduced transmission of nerve impulses.

Key Sx: Drooping eyelids (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), problems swallowing (dysphasia), trouble walking (worse after use, later ind day)

Treatment consists of transfusions
Special blood treatments (plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy) can relieve symptoms. Physical therapy is needed.

Biomed Test highlights (11 decks)

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