Common Disorders Flashcards

Question

Endocrine

Answer 1

Moon face Taking cortisol for too long thin skin hump back. weight gain around the midsection and upper back, thinning of your arms and legs, easy bruising and stretch marks

Answer 2

Autoimmune low cortisol - deficient aldosterone hyperpigmentation, Fatigue, anxiety, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, low bp (President Kennedy)

Answer 3

Type I - can't create insulin (genetic, kid, dizziness, peeing a lot, tired) II - Insulin resistance (lifestyle, overweight, smokes drinks, poor diet) Fruity smell - keto-acidosis Treatment - insulin, diet, lifestyle Insulin and glucogon created in pancreas Insulin helps cells absorb glucose and reduces blood sugar and provides cells with energy Glucogon is released from the pancreas with blood sugar levels are too low bring more glucose into blood

Answer 4

an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This imbalance leads you to produce large amounts of urine. It also makes you very thirsty even if you have something to drink.

Answer 5

High Cholesterol - LDL Risks - MI or stroke Statin - myalgia

Answer 6

High blood sugar, weight around waist, high triglyceride (cholest), reduced HDL, high BP Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes

Answer 7

Lead to high levels of calcium in blood which can lead to brittle bones Calcitonin (Thyroid)- carries calcium to bones PTH- calcium to blood Hyperparathyroid can lead to osteoporosis, KD disease, HT disease

Answer 8

Cushings - The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates both production and secretion of cortisol acromegaly growth hormone deficiency

Answer 9

Anterior- Growth hormone - LH (triggers ovulation) and FSH (Increase--> monopause) GH(hypo-dwarf, hyper-acromegaly), PRL, ACTH, TSH, MSH, FSH, LH Posterior- Oxytocin - uterine contraction ADH - decreases urine volume and raised blood pressure by constricting vessels

Answer 10

pain RLQ Mcburneys point - Rebound pain Rovsing sign- push left, and pain on right Hambergers sign - Not hungry Emergency

Answer 11

Late state LV disease Often from hepatitis or alcoholic Jaundice, GI bleeding, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal swelling, fatigue, weak Pellegra - B3 deficiency - Avoid Tylenol, ACE, NSAIDs -Abdominal swelling caused by accumulation of fluid, most often related to liver disease.

Answer 12

Menstrual Follicular - Estrogen spikes, LH spikes right before ovulation Ovulation Luteal - Progesterone spikes

Answer 13

LLQ pain Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract. - Painless lower GI bleeding. Most common 40+ Diverticulitis- When one or more of these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called. Pain, fever. Colonoscopy can be risk factor. NPO- nothing by mouth - IV fluid

Answer 14

Sx: Weight loss, diarrhea, bloating, gas, fatigue, low blood count (anemia)- occurring in ilium first part of SI, with celiac disease not absorbing nutrients, and osteoporosis. Many people have no symptoms.

Answer 15

Symptoms can include abdominal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea.

Answer 16

``` cholelithiasis: Gall stone - Pain in RUQ that can radiate to scapula 4F: Forties Fat Female Fertile ``` cholecystitis- gall bladder infection, fever, chills, pain in RUQ - often caused by gall stones Murphey's sign - palpate and it causes inspiratory arrest

Answer 17

Inflammation of lining of stomach Causes include infection, injury, regular use of pain pills called NSAIDs, and too much alcohol. Symptoms include upper belly pain, nausea, and vomiting. Sometimes, there are no symptoms. Gastritis can lead to ulcers or ST cancer. Antibiotics and antacids might help. Ulcer - deeper, open sore in lining

Answer 18

GERD - acid in esophagus (food pipeline), HT burn/indigestion, burning pain in chest occurs after eating and worsens lying down, nausea, regurgitation, bitter taste, dry cough

Answer 19

Peptic Ulcer - acid in stomach lining - H-pylori, aspirin, HT burn, indigestion, nausea, vomiting. Coming up into food pipe Gastric - greater pain with food Duodenal - decrease pain with food

Answer 20

``` Vaccine - A, B Blood - B, C Fecal Oral - A, E Acupuncturists - B Chronic - C, E ```

Answer 21

Discontinuous - skip lesions | Anywhere in digestive tract. Ileum often included

Answer 22

blood in stool more rx of colon cancer continuous normally starts from bottom of colon - rectum

Answer 23

More psychological - acupuncture is best

Answer 24

Pancreatitis - inflammation of pancreas - auto-digestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzyme which causes inflammation Acute - GET SMASHED Gall stone, alcohol, trauma Steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpion sting etc Chronic Adults - Alcohol related kids - cystic fibrosis Steatorrhea - fat in stool (both?)

Answer 25

Abdominal pain radiating to back weight loss 75% occur in head of pancreas Whipple treatment - remove pancreas, bile duct, duodenum

Answer 26

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, autoimmune disorder in which a person's own immune system attacks your nerves & damages myelin sheath. First sx are weakness and tinging in extremities, and can eventually cause muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis of your whole body 2/3 patients report symptoms of an infection in the 6 weeks preceding including respiratory and GI infect or zika virus. Tx: Special blood treatments (plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy) can relieve symptoms. Physical therapy is needed. GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage.

Answer 27

Autoimmune dx - immune system attacks postsynaptic acetacholine (ACH) receptor so there is reduced transmission of nerve impulses. Key Sx: Drooping eyelids (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), problems swallowing (dysphasia), trouble walking (worse after use, later ind day) Treatment consists of transfusions Special blood treatments (plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy) can relieve symptoms. Physical therapy is needed.