Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomed Test highlights > Common Diseases > Flashcards

Common Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of type 1 DM (diabetes)

1 - Insulin production is absent, 2- insulin production inadequate

A

Insulin replacement
exercise
healthy diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main complication of Type 1 Diabetes

A

DKA ADiabetes Ketose Acidosis. Fruity smell. Ketones in blood in urine. Glucose higher than 150. Normally 500-800.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SX of dehydration

A
  1. increased temperature, HT rate and breathing, BP goes down. Cramps, headache, tired.
    60% body weight is water - Adult
    40% intracellular fluid
    20% extracellular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of Emphysema (damaged alveola) COPD

A
  1. stopsmoking
  2. inhaled bronchodialators (B agonist - albuterol - short acting)
  3. Corticosteroids - inhaled form
  4. Supplement oxygen
  5. Antibiotics if theres infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sign of breast cancer via nipple

A

Thickening of nipple and loss of elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease

A

Blocks artery and muscle below starts to die:
1. Pain
2. Intermittent claudication, pulse present, ankle soreness
PAD - artery - central area
PVD- vein - limbs

3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypoglycemia symptoms

A 
He IS TIRED
He - Headache
IS - Irritabale/Sweating
T- Tachycardia
I- irritabaility
R - restless
E - excessive hunger
D - Dizzy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Buerger’s (small - medium vasculitis) disease is strongly associated with

A

Smoking tobacco

Vasculitis is divided by the size of the vessel
giant cell arthritis can cause same side blindeness

(also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) affects blood vessels in the body, most commonly in the arms and legs. Blood vessels swell, which can prevent blood flow, causing clots to form. This can lead to pain, tissue damage, and even gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A

Acute pancreatitis is a condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed (swollen) over a short period of time. The pancreas is a small organ, located behind the stomach, that helps with digestion.

GET SMASHED
Gall stone
Ethanol
Trauma

Steroid
Mumps 
autoimmune 
scorpion bite
hyperlipedemia
ERCP
Drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk for breast Cancer

A

longer exposure to estrogen increases rx:
Early Menarche (mestruation)
Late menopause
Pregnancy after 35 - late pregnancy increase rx
Nulliparity - never pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paget Disease of nipple

A

Red, scaling, flaking, bloody discharge, itching
<1% of breast cancer
Requires needle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most commonly ignored early warning signs of lung cancer

A

persistent cough

other signs include coughing blood, weight loss/weak, clubbing of finger nails - chronic hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatitis

A

Hep B - lives at least 7 days -
AB has vaccine
Hep C - 3 weeks
CDE - no vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Earliest signs of hypertension

A

Headache, vertigo, tinnitus, fainting, light heaaded (LV yang rising) spontaneous nosebleeds (can be asymtommatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

pituitary gland sends ADH to KD - So there is a lot of urine (diluted urine)

Central DI - deficiency of ADH (vasaopressin)
Nephrogenic DI - KD or nephron dysfunction

Vasopressin - contracts blood vessel , retain water in body (ADH - antidiuretic hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Degrees of burns

A

Superficial - 1st degree
Blister- 2nd degree
No pain - 3rd degree
Burns muscle/fascia - 4th degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pink eye

A

Viral conjunctivitis - no treatment

  • Allergic conjunctivits - vasoconstrictor
  • Bacteril conjunctivitis - antibiotics
  • Chemical conjunctivitis - irrigation (Morgan lens - irrigation system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Grade 1,2,3 Hypertension

A

I - 140-159/90-99
II - 160-179/10-109
III - <180/<110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

differences between Crohn’s and Ulcerative colitis

A

Crohn’s disease has discontinuous lesions, anywhere in GI

Ulcerative Colitis - continuous and always in rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lower GI bleeding

A

Diverticulosis
Mallory-weiss syndrome - excessive vomiting (upper GI bleed)
Varices - portal hypertension (upper GI bleed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

usually present with Lower GI bleed and also can be present with severe upper GI bleed

A

Melena - bloody, dark, tarry stool - Lower GI & sometimes upper GI

Others:
Hematochezia - bloody, bright stool - Lower GI
Hematemesis - vomiting blood (upper GI)
Hematuria - blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 Aspects of Cirrhosis

A
  • Liver cell dysfunction: Spider angiomata (spider veins), palmar erythema (red hands), gynecomastia (male has F breasts), enlarged liver, ascites ( fluid in the peritoneal cavity), jaundice
  • Portal hypertension (backflow) - splenomegaly, esophageal varices (enlarged esophageal veins), caput medusa - vein engorgement in abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

increases Homocysteine and increases MMA

A

Homocystein and MM (Methymalonic Acid)

  • Folate deficiency- High homocysteine, low MMA
  • B12 deficiency (related to pernicious anemia, Also related to neuropathy) - High Homocysteine and high MMA

Both microcytic anemia - hyper-segmented neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tumor markers for Ovarian Cancer

A

CA-125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

A

C-19-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tumor marker for GI Cancer (esp colon)

A

CEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tumor marker for Liver Cancer, yolk sac (testiculara)

A

AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tumor marker for prostate cancer

A

PSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Due to mutation of CFTR gene

A

Cystic Fibrosis - Mucous in lung, difficulty breathting
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Genetic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

differences between Crohn’s and Ulcerative colitis

A

Crohn’s disease has discontinuous lesions, anywhere in GI

Ulcerative Colitis - continuous and always in rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

<p>Test for urolithiasis (kidney stones)</p>

A

<p>Best test is renal CT - have to do before surgery</p>

<p>95% can be seen in x-ray</p>

<p>99% see in CT Scan but much more radiation</p>

<p>Mostly formed in kidney but can travel to ureter, bladder or urethra</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

<p>Dopamin deficiency causes which Disease?</p>

A

<p>Parkinson's</p>

<p>Levodopa + carbidopa (prevents metabolism oof levodopa)</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

<p>Pertussis</p>

A

<p>Whooping cough</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

<p>Treatment of fibromyalgia</p>

A

<p>Aerobic exercise</p>

<p>Duloxetine (cymbalta) SNRI</p>

<p>Amitriptyline (Elavin) - tricyclic antidepressants</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

<p>Treatment for fibromyalgia</p>

A

<p>exercise</p>

<p>Duloxetine (ymbalta) SNRI</p>

<p>Amitriptyline (Elavin) tricyclic antidepressant</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hodgkin’s disease is cancer of

A

Lymphoma system

Lipoma - benign tumor of adipose/fat tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hepatitis Facts

A

Photo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Signs of stroke

A 
BE FAST
Balance
Eyes
Face drooping
Arms weak
Speech slurred 
Time to call 911
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 types LU carcenoma

A

Small cell -15% (Poor prognosis)

non- small cell - 80-85% - different types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Temporal Arteritis

A

Giant cell arteritis
Inflammation of large vessels - aorta, external carotid, vertebral arteries

  • jaw claudication (pain while chewing)- mostly positive for temporal arteritis -

Most feared outcome: One eye (monocular) blindness (predinsone treatment for inflammation)

Risk factor - polymyalgia rheumatica -inflammatory disorder that causes pain and stiffness in shoulder/hip girdle
>50, Female

  • *Temporal artery biopsy confirms dx
  • ESR will be high (over 50)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

treating High cholesterol

A

Statins are best to lower LDL

Niacin increases HDL - exercise is best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation caused by the release of excessive pancreatic enzyme
I GET SMASHED

Gall Stones** (most common in acute)
Ethanol (alcohol)** (most common in chronic - also common in acute)
Trauma *

Steroid 
Mumps Virus
Autoimmune diseases
Scorpion Stings
Hypertriglyceridema 
ERCP
Drugs

Lipase and amylase increase in labs from pancreatitis

Abdominal main - mid-epigastric that radiates to back and may be relieved by sitting forward
- nausea vomit, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Chronic Pacreatitis Vs Acute Paancreatitis

A 
Chronic
DM (High glucose)
Steatorrhea (fat in poop)
Peacreataic calcification on CT scan)
Alcohol #1 cause (#2 in acute) - Children - Cystic fibrosis #1 cause

Treatment for chronic: pain mgmt, angaalgesia, paancreataic enzyme, surgery,

Acute: Supportive: NPO (not by mouth - food/drink) IV fluid, antibiotic secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what significantly increases rx of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

A

Smoking ( also bladder cancer)

Aortic Aneurysm - more than 50% dilation of aortic wall

Barry Aneurism - brain - most commonly associated with atherosclerosis

Sx - abdominal masa, abdominal bruit

men 65-70, history of smoking - screened for AAA

Diagnosis -

> 5.5 abdominal > 6cm thoracic - surgical repair

Symptomatic or ruptured aneurysm - surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of entire dermis and subcutaneous fat

Sx: red, warm, swollen, tender (inflammation), fever

Rx - diabetes, IV drug use, immune compromised, venous stasis

Treatment - antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Stasis dermatitis

A

fluid build up that leaves scaling, pigmetation - from chronic edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Celliacs (Sprue)

A

Affects SI villi - villi atrophy, malabsorption problem
Rx to gluten
More common in Northern European ancestry. 1% population

Sx: Steatorrhea, dermatitis herpetirmitis

Treat: Gluten free diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

Tear in the aorta in intima of a vessel that results in blood entering media

typically from hypertension

Sx- sudden tearing/ripping pain in anterior of chest in ascending dissection, inter-scapular back pain in descending dissection. Asymmetric pulses and BP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

MCV Anemia

A

MCV level
Microcytic - <80 fl - iron
Normocytic 80-100 fl
Macrocytic - >100 - vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia - one cause, also vegan, malabsoprition like celiac/Crohns, proton pump inhibitors) and folic acid/B9 deficiency (dietary insufficiency- main cause) (megaloblastic anemia - DNA synthesis impaired)

Parietal cells located within gastric mucosa are destroyed through autoimmune response so intrinsic factors is not produced so vitamin b12 is not absorbed without intrinsic factor (absorbed in ilium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Treatment of type 1 DM (diabetes)

1 - Insulin production is absent, 2- insulin production inadequate

A

Insulin replacement
exercise
healthy diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Addison’s disease

A

A disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones.
Specifically, the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, too. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening Addisonian crisis characterized by low blood pressure.
Symptoms tend to be non-specific and include fatigue, nausea, darkening of the skin, and dizziness upon standing.
Treatment involves taking hormones to replace those not produced by the adrenal glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Hematological Disorders

A

(Bleeding and Coagulations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Sickle cell

A

A blood disorder that can lead to hemolytic (red blood cell) anemia, autoimmune, bone marrow failure or infection

Can come from blood transfusion or medication
Sx:
Pain areas: in the joints
Pain types: can be sudden in the chest
Whole body: dizziness, fatigue, low oxygen in the body, or malaise
Urinary: inability to make concentrated or dilute urine or blood in urine
Also common: abnormal breakdown of red blood cells, delayed development, inflamed fingers or toes, pallor, shortness of breath, or yellow skin and eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of healthy red blood cells
fatigue, tachycardia,
dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness, or malaise
brittle nails, headache, pallor, shortness of breath, or weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

inability of the body to properly utilize vitamin B12, which is essential for the development of red blood cells. Most cases result from the lack of the gastric protein known as intrinsic factor, without which vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed.

Gastritis and autoimmune damage parietal cells so they can’t produce intrinsic factor, which binds to B12 in the ilium, which can lead to pernicious anemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cure for regular Anemia

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Folate deficiency (B9)

A

Spina bifida - neural tube defect in babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

B9 and B12 (red blood cells are big)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in red blood cells. Risk of blood clotting

- Smoking is significant Rx factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

neutropenia

A

Low white blood cells of neutrophils (bacteria fighting)

It can be caused by diseases that damage the bone marrow, infections, or certain medications.
There can be no symptoms other than an increased vulnerability to infection.
Management of this condition includes treating the underlying cause, as well as medications that increase neutrophil counts. Avoiding anyone who is sick and practicing good hygiene can help reduce the risk of infection.

possible Symptoms:
Fever, mouth sores

62
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

causes your body to absorb too much iron from the food you eat.

  • Bronze skin
  • common in diabetics

Excess iron is stored in your organs, especially your liver, heart and pancreas. Too much iron can lead to life-threatening conditions, such as liver disease, heart problems and diabetes.

63
Q

Staph infection

A

Common symptoms include boils and oozing blisters. Staph can also cause food poisoning resulting in nausea, vomiting, and stomach ache. In rare cases, staph infections can turn deadly if the bacteria invade deeper into the body or enters the bloodstream resulting in fever, joint, and muscle pain.

Under the microscope, they appear spherical, and form in grape-like clusters.

64
Q

Impetigo

A

flaky and yellow crusty skin condition

65
Q

Strep

A

Common symptoms include sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Rarely, complications can involve the heart or kidneys.

White, grey back of throat

Treatment is important to reduce complications. Oral antibiotics like penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, or azithromycin are commonly used. Other medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with pain and fever.

66
Q

MRSA

A

a group of Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans

  • lives on surfaces 2-6 months

MRSA is usually spread in the community by contact with infected people or things that are carrying the bacteria. This includes through contact with a contaminated wound or by sharing personal items, such as towels or razors, that have touched infected skin.

67
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme disease causes a rash, often in a bull’s-eye pattern, and flu-like symptoms. Joint pain and weakness in the limbs also can occur.

68
Q

Giardia

A

Giardia is a tiny parasite (germ) that causes the diarrheal disease giardiasis. Giardia is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop)

Symptoms might include watery diarrhea alternating with greasy stools. Fatigue, cramps, and belching gas also may occur. Some people have no symptoms.
Most cases clear up on their own within a few weeks. Severe cases are treated with antibiotics.

69
Q

Trichomoniasis

A
  • is among most common sexually transmitted infections.
  • foul-smelling yellow-green, frothy, vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination in women.
    Complications include a risk of premature delivery for pregnant women.
  • causes strawberry petechia
  • Treatment involves both partners taking one large dose of a certain oral antibiotic metronidazole
70
Q

Chlamydia

A

Symptoms may include genital pain and discharge from the vagina or penis.

  • pain in eyes, lower abdomen, lower

The condition may cause arthritis symptoms, such as joint pain and inflammation. It may also cause symptoms in the urinary tract and eyes.

It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system. This can make it difficult or impossible for her to get pregnant later on. Chlamydia can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy

  • report to state
71
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

STD
grey-white
fishy
can get worse after intercourse

72
Q

gonorrhea

A 
Discharge from the vagina (watery, creamy, or slightly green)
pain or burning sensation while urinating.
urge to urinate more frequently.
heavier periods or spotting.
sore throat.
pain during sexual intercourse.
sharp pain in the lower abdomen.
fever.
  • report to state
73
Q

TB

A

Have to report to state
May need to quarentine for months until 3 tests come back negataive
- blood tinged cough, weight loss, fever, chills
- spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

74
Q

Addictions

Alcoholism

A 
CAGE 
Cut back (think about)
Annoyed by people telling you to cute back
Guilty
Early rise drink

Beriberi (Thiamine deficiency)- loss of coordination and confusion, SOB, swollen feet and HT

75
Q

Pupils

A

Opioids - pinpoint, highly addictive - risk respiratory depression
Coke - bugs on skin - dilated pupils
PCP - aggressive - constricts pupils
LSD - hear vision and see sound - dilated pupils

76
Q

Tardive dsykinesia

A

On neuroleptic drugs (antipsychotics) - repetitive movement, blinking, grimacing, lip smacking

77
Q

what class of drug treats depression

A

anti-depression, neuroleptic (antipsychotic), anxietlitic, SSRI inhibitor

78
Q

Side effect of SSRI

A

Seretonin syndrome (hot and bothered) - can increase depression, delerium, aggitation, tachycardia, diarrhea, hyperflexia, hyperthermia, seizures

79
Q

Cranial nerves

A 
CN1 - nose
CN2 - eyes - vision
CN3- most motor movements
CN4 - Trochlear - oblique muscles
CN5 - trigeminal
CN6- abducens - eye motor 
CN7 - Facial also controls 1st part of tongue
CN8 - Ears
CN9 - 2nd part of tongue
CN10 - vagus nerve, Epiglottis, abdominal organs, 
swallowing
CN11 - accessory
CN12 - tongue - muscles
80
Q

MS

A

Myelenated sheath
Not lined up time and space - Relapsing and remitting
heat makes it worse

Eyes, coordination

81
Q

Parkinsons

A

Tremor at rest, Rigidity and contraction, shuffling gate,

Tremor while moving - Benign essential tremors

82
Q

Suicide

A

SAD PERSON

Male 
Age <19 or >45
Depression 
previous attempt
excessive alcohol or drugs
Rational thinking loss
separated, divorced widowed,
organized/serious attempt
no social support
stated future intent
83
Q

Dermatomes

A 
Knees - L4 
Top of foot - L5
Achilles and bottom of foot - S1
Belly button - T10
Nipple - T 4
84
Q

Reflex grading scale

A 
0 no response
1+ decreased
2+ normal
3 + + exaggerated/brisk
4+ sustained response
85
Q

neck pain and thumb pain

A

Cervical rediculopathy

Bakodys sign

86
Q

Manual muscle testing

A 
0- paralysis
1- No ROM
2- Full range - gravity eliminated
3- Full range against gravity
4 - full range, moderate resistance
5/5 - full range - maximum resistance is applied
87
Q

Meniscus tear

A

Test with Apley’s compression distraction test
Andersons mediolateral grind test
McMurrays test

88
Q

Unhappy Triad

A

ACL, meniscus, MCL

89
Q

ACL

A

Lachmans test

Anterior drawer

90
Q

Disc herniation

A

feels better with extension

91
Q

Stenosis

A

feels better with flexion

92
Q

TMJD

A

Is the abbreviation for temporomandibular joint disorder and is a general term that encompasses pain and dysfunction in some form of the muscles that are responsible for moving your jaw.

93
Q

Frozen shoulder/ adhesive capsulitis

A

apley’s scratch test
More in women
Rx - diabetes

Dx: Stretching, steroids, surgery, NSAIDs

94
Q

Bone Density Disorders

A

DEXA scan - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

-1-0 normal
1- -2.5 - osteopenia
-2.5 - osteoperosis

More common in women
May see kyphosis - shrinking

95
Q

Bells Palsy

A

CN7
unilateral w/ no wrinkles
ipsilateral - same side as issue with nerve

96
Q

TBI

A

Epidural hematoma - lucid intervals
subdural hematoma - crescent - old/alcoholic
Arachnoid hemorrhage - thunderclap

97
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Emerge directly from the brian stem, in contrast to spinal nerve which emerge from segments of spinal cord

98
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Diabetes
B6 deficiency or excess
B12 deficiency - Vegans
chronic alcoholism

99
Q

Rediculopathies

A

Cervical - neck pain that radiates down, weakness,
Bacodys test

Sciatica

A disease of the root of a nerve, such as from a pinched nerve or a tumor.

Typically one side of body

100
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Loss of radial pulse

Test with Adsons test

101
Q

Difference between TIA vs stroke

A

TIA is a mini stroke - blip of loss of blood - less lasting impacts. Warning of stroke.

102
Q

Meneres vs labrinthitis

A

Menieres - Vertigo, tinnitus , hearing loss - usually just one ear, nauseaa

Labyrinthitis - swelling of labyrinth of inner ear- vertigo

BPP- benign peroxisomal positional vertigo - sudden, temporary, turning head, reaching over head

103
Q

Earliest signs of hypertension

A

headache, vertigo, tinnitus, fainting, light headed (LV yang rising) spontaneous nosebleeds

also can be w/o symptoms

104
Q

Post herpatic neuralgia

A

Postherpetic neuralgia (post-hur-PET-ik noo-RAL-juh) is the most common complication of shingles. The condition affects nerve fibers and skin, causing burning pain that lasts long after the rash and blisters of shingles disappear.

105
Q

How to tell if someone with rx of stroke needs warfarin

a tool doctors use to determine treatment for atrial-fibrillation patients in danger of stroke.

A 
CHAD score
CHF
Hypertensive score (>140/90)
Age - +75
Diabetes
S2 - Prior TIA o stroke
106
Q

Cancer

A

Weight loss

107
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer

A

Dimpling of breast tissue similar to orange peel and red and bruised appearance

108
Q

Pagets disease

A

Red, scaling, flaking, bloody discharge, itching, <1% of breast cancer. Requires needle biopsy

109
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

white waxy lump or brown scaly patch on sun exposed areas

Raised border and pitted inside, irregular shape.
Rx: Fair skin

Doesn’t metastesize

110
Q

Squamous Cell carcinoma

A

pre cancer -
Thick (hyperkeratotic), rough, scaly patches that may crust or bleed. They can also resemble warts, or open sores that don’t completely heal.

often referred to as a neck cancer because it tends to travel to the lymph nodes in the neck and around the collarbone. Because of this, signs of metastasis may include a painful or tender lump in the neck or a sore throat that doesn’t improve or go away.

111
Q

Which types of HPV cause cervical cancer

A

16, 18

112
Q

Which type of HPV cause herpes

A

6, 11

Cancer - 16 and 18

113
Q

What increases rx of breast cancer

A

Increased exposure to estrogen
early menarche
Late menopause
never have kids or after 35

114
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurism

A

Pulsating mass near navel
65-70 male smoked - get screened

Barry aneurism - brain - most commonly associated with arthrosclerosis

115
Q

What do you use Niacin for?

A

Increased LDL/cholesterol

Too much can cause flushing

116
Q

Epilepsy

A

ER if:
Never had one before
More than 5 minutes
Remain unconscious after

117
Q

Otitis media

A

inflammation or infection located in the middle ear, behind ear drum. Otitis media can occur as a result of a cold, sore throat, or respiratory infection.

118
Q

Swimmers ear (otitis externa)

A

inflammation of outer ear
Foul smelling discharge
Itching and irritation around ear canal.

119
Q

Throat

A

Sinusitus - pressure, facial pain, folding forward its worse.

  • Bacterial - A bacterial sinus infection will often persist for seven to 10 days or longer, and may actually worsen after seven days
  • viral - A viral sinus infection will usually start to improve after five to seven days
Allergic rhinitis (seasonal allergies) - has a trigger
strep throat - white/grey, fever -need antibiotic
120
Q

Strep vs mono

A

Strep - large tonsils, fever, swollen lymph, white/grey back of throat - anibiotics to avoid kd infection

Mono - splenomegaly, extreme fatigue - rest until spleen recovers

121
Q

facial hair on woman (hursatism or hyper androgenism)

A

PCOS
Causes female infertility

Also dark skin around folds (acanthosis nigricans), insulin resistance, abnormal menstruation, obesity, overweight

122
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue outside of ovary

123
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

painless

movable

firm, smooth, or rubbery lump in the breast with a well-defined shape.

Reproductive hormones may cause fibroadenomas.

124
Q

cancer

A

no pain

immovable

hard

irregular shape

different from surrounding breast tissue

125
Q

fibroids

A

painful

They can change size - often hormonal

Fibroids are muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus (womb). Fibroids are almost always benign (not cancerous). Not all women with fibroids have symptoms.

Sx
Pain areas: in the abdomen, lower back, or pelvis
Menstrual: abnormal menstruation, heavy menstruation, irregular menstruation, painful menstruation, or spotting
Also common: abdominal distension or cramping.

126
Q

Menopausal disorders

A

Breakthrough bleeding - cervical cancer?

Premature ovarian failure - early menopause before age 40. 40-45 is early.

LH spikes during menopause and FSH as well
Estrogen and progesterone drop

127
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy most often occurs in a fallopian tube, which carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

Pain areas: in the pelvis, abdomen, or side part of the body
Gastrointestinal: bloating, nausea, or vomiting
Also common: abnormal vaginal bleeding or cramping

128
Q

hormone tested to see if your pregnant

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin HCG

129
Q

Mastitis

A

clogged ducts, pain, can get fever

130
Q

contraindicated with viagra

A

Nitrates - both dilate - too much

131
Q

hypergonadism

A

Like male menopause

mental emotional changes, hot flashes, occurs when sex glands called gonads produce little, if any, sex hormones.

132
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Organic- physical, gradul, coonstant, Diabetes M II, SSRI, beta blockers

Psychogenic - sudden, situational, intermitten, do have morning wood

133
Q

Male infertility

A

Failure of pituitary to secrete LH and FSH

134
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Enlarged in central part
PSA (prostate specific antigen)- elevated

Cancer side parts enlarged

Excess urination at night
feeling of incomplete after emptying
weak urine stream

135
Q

Prostatitis

A

Symptoms include difficulty urinating, pain in the groin, pelvic area, or genitals, and, sometimes, flu-like symptoms.

Prostatitis may get better on its own. If it’s caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed.

136
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Sometimes no Sx

Or same sx as BPH

137
Q

Kidney stones vs Kidney infection

A

stones: severe pain in back or sides, nausea, sweating
80% calcium oxalate, blood in urine, frequent urination

KD infection - UTI sx that move into KD, flank, blood in urine, frequent urination, foul smelling urine and couldy

138
Q

How to test KD infection

A 
Urinary analysis
CBC - complete blood county
Ultrasound
CT scan
Elevated levels of creatine indicates disorder of KD
139
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it’s called a urinary tract infection (UTI)

pain, burning or stinging when you pee.
needing to pee more often and urgently than normal.
feeling like you need to pee again soon after going to the toilet.
urine that’s dark, cloudy or strong-smelling.
pain low down in your tummy.
feeling generally unwell, achy, sick and tired.

140
Q

Sx of UTI that are distinct from cystitis

A

Fever and chills
Incontinence (loss of bladder control)
Vomiting
Pain in the lower back or sides

141
Q

What can cause incontinence

A

Cauda Equina syndrome

A1 blockers - in women

142
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Multiple tender points - 11/18 is positive

143
Q

pharyngitis

A

commonly known as sore throat — is an inflammation of the pharynx, resulting in a sore throat. Thus, pharyngitis is a symptom, rather than a condition.

144
Q

Viral rhinosinusitis

A

Most cases of acute are caused by viral infections associated with the common cold. Symptomatic treatment with analgesics, decongestants, and saline nasal irrigation is appropriate in patients who present with nonsevere symptoms (e.g., mild pain, temperature less than 101°F [38.3°C]).

145
Q

bacterial meningitis

A 
The most common symptoms of bacterial meningitis are:
Painful, stiff neck with limited range of motion.
Headaches.
High fever.
Feeling confused or sleepy.
Bruising easily all over the body.
A rash on the skin.
Sensitivity to light.

Meningitis Diagnosis
Blood tests to find bacteria.
CT or MRI scans of your head to find swelling or inflammation.
Spinal tap, in which a health care worker uses a needle to take fluid from around your spinal cord. It can tell what’s causing your meningitis.

146
Q

Epiglottis

A

Epiglottitis is usually caused by an infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria. As well as epiglottitis, Hib can cause a number of serious infections, such as pneumonia and meningitis. It spreads in the same way as the cold or flu virus.

147
Q

MMR vaccine is for

A

Mumps- epidermic parotitis -
measles - rubeola

Rubella - German measles - “3 day measles” - forchheimer spots (rose colored spots on the soft palate that may coalesce into a red blush and extend over the fauces). Milder but more dangerous for pregnancy. Distinct skin rash

Rubeolla - ordinary measles, more threatening - koplik spots (Koplik spots: clustered white lesions on the buccal mucosa) - 9 days

148
Q

MMR vaccine

A

mumps - parotitis - swollen cheeks/parotid glands (epidemic partosis

Measles - rubeOla - 9 days - O - ordinary - (red measles)

RubelLa - German measles - 3 day measles - L - Love Germals

149
Q

Mumps

A

Viral agent
affects glands and tissues
Parotid swelling

Supportive treatment because it’s a virus

150
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Coryza - irrritation in nose
Cough
Conjunctivitis
C - Koplik spots - white/grey cluster lesions in buccal membranes (inside mouth)

151
Q

What has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with measles

A

Vitamin A

  • MMR Vaccine prevents
  • Can return to school after 5 days after onset of the rash ( contagious 4 days after onset of rash)
152
Q

Rubella

A 
German Measles 
- viral
Mild fever 102 or lower
maculopapular rash
arthralgia also common (joint pain)
encephalitis - inflammation of brain --> headache, stiff neck, photophobia, seizures, confusion
"Bone pain"
Can cause severe birth defects if preg mom is infected - deaf, blind, retardation:
TORCH  - infection that impacts a fetus
Toxoplasmosis
Other ((syphilis, Hepatitis, HIV)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes

Biomed Test highlights (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions