DRUG SAMPLES 2 Flashcards
Mechanism of action of
Tramadol (TRAMAL) ?
Synthetic codeine but weak (Mu) agonist activity inhibition of NE and serotonin reuptake in the CNS.
Uses of Tramadol (TRAMAL) ?
Mild to moderate pain ,
less effective in chronic and sever pain.
Use of Tramadol (TRAMAL) in dentistry?
Acute pain
Adverse effects of Tramadol (TRAMAL)?
seizures and hypertensive crises with MAO inhibitor , Nausea, vomiting, Addiction
Mechanism of action
of Naloxone(NARCAN)?
Pure antagonist to opioid receptor.it has high affinity to Mu receptor, less to K, much less to delta receptors
3 Therapeutic uses
of Naloxone(NARCAN)?
D.N.A
Routes of administration:
Intravenous
1-Acute opioid poisoning.
2-Diagnosis of opioid addiction
3-Neonatal asphyxia.
Two similar drugs as Naloxone(NARCAN)?
Naltrexone , nalorphine
Mechanism of action of Diclofenac (voltarene) ?
Inhibit cox enzyme => decrease prostaglandin => decrease pain, fever, inflammation
(non selective cox inhibitor cox1 &cox2)
Therapeutic three uses of Diclofenac (voltarene) ?
1-analgesic => mild to moderate pain , musculoskeletal, has ceiling effect : headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea ,
post operative pain.
2-anti-inflammatory => RA , osteoarthritis.
3-antipyretic
Three main adverse effects of Diclofenac (voltarene) ?
Bronchial/GIT/Renal / حساسية
1-GIT side effects are common (N, V, heart burn, PU, GIT bleeding).
2-Hypersensitivity reaction.
3-Renal impairment
4-Bronchial asthma in asthmatic patients
Uses of Diclofenac (voltarene) in dentistry?
1-Relieve pain associated with pathologic process (as pulpitis, dentoalveolar abscess) or after surgical procedures.
2-inflammation of the temporomandibular (due to trauma or immobilization).
Similar drugs as Diclofenac (voltarene) ?
Indomethacin, tolmetin
sulindac , ketorolac, etodolac
Mechanism of action of
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN)?
Inhibit cox enzyme => decrease prostaglandin =>decrease pain, fever, inflammation
(non selective cox inhibitor cox1 &cox2)
Therapeutic uses of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN)?
1-analgesic => mild to moderate pain, musculoskeletal, has ceiling effect : headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea,
post operative pain.
2-anti-inflammatory => RA, osteoarthritis.
3-antipyretic
Three main adverse effects of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN)?
1-GIT side effects are common (N,V,heart burn,PU,GIT bleeding).
2-Hypersensitivity reaction.
3-renal impairment
4-Bronchial asthma in asthmatic patients
Uses of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN)? in dentistry?
1-Relieve pain associated with pathologic process (as pulpitis, dentoalveolar abscess) or after surgical procedures.
2-inflammation of the temporomandibular (due to trauma or immobilization).
similar drugs as Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN)?
Indomethacin, tolmetin
sulindac , ketorolac, etodolac
Mechanism of action of
Paracetamol ( Panadol )?
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthase centrally (cox centrally) so decrease PG centally.
Analegesic ,antipyretic and no anti-inflammatory action
Three therapeutic uses of
Paracetamol (Panadol)?
-Analgesic
-Antipyretic when aspirin is contraindicated as in peptic ulcer ,pregnancy ,bronchial asthma ,and infant with viral infection
Adverse effects of Paracetamol (Panadol)?
-Skin rash ,Allergic reaction.
-Dose dependent hepatic necrosis.
-Nephrotoxicity with chronic use in susceptible individuals.
Uses of Paracetamol (Panadol) in densitry?
1-Relieve pain associated with pathologic process (as pulpitis, dentoalveolar abscess) or after surgical procedures.
Mechanism of action of Piroxicam (Feldene)?
Non selective COX inhibitor, inhibit both COX1 and COX2 enzyme decreasing level of PG
Advantages of Piroxicam (Feldene)?
-Long t ½ about 50 hours .
-given once daily.
-additional inhibitory effect of collagenase
Three therapeutic uses of Piroxicam (Feldene)?
-osteoarthritis.
-rheumatoid arthritis.
-headache
-back pain.
-gout
Adverse effects of Piroxicam (Feldene)?
As aspirin:
-peptic ulceration.
-Allergic reaction.
-kidney damage
Uses of Piroxicam (Feldene) in dentistry?
1-Relieve pain associated with pathologic process (as pulpitis, dentoalveolar abscess) or after surgical procedures.
2-inflammation of the temporomandibular (due to trauma or immobilization).
Mechanism of action of Meloxicam (Mobic)?
-Inhibition of COX enzyme decreasing PG.
-it has some COX2 selectivity especially at lower doses.
Three therapeutic uses of Meloxicam (Mobic)?
-osteoarthritis.
-rheumatoid arthritis.
-analgesic in moderate pain as back pain
-headache
Uses of Meloxicam (Mobic) in dentistry?
1-Relieve pain associated with pathologic process (as pulpitis, dentoalveolar abscess) or after surgical procedures.
2-inflammation of the temporomandibular (due to trauma or immobilization).
Advantages of Meloxicam (Mobic)?
-it is 50 times more selective on COX2 enzyme than COX1
-Less GIT side effects.
-half life 15-20 h.
Similar drugs as Meloxicam (Mobic)?
Piroxicam and etodolac
Mechanism of action of Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
Selective inhibitor of COX2 enzyme
Three therapeutic uses of Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
-rheumatoid arthritis.
-back pain
-headache
-dysmenorrhea
Advantage & Disadvantage of Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
Advantage:
Selective COX2 inhibition so decrease inflammatory PG with little or no effect on physiological PG so less GIT ulceration.
Disadvantage:
block COX2 enzyme cause increase activity of Thromboxane A2 and decrease level of PGI2 so increase platelets aggregation lead to increase incidence of coronary thrombosis and stroke.
Similar drugs as Celecoxib (Celebrex)?
Etoricoxib
Rofecoxib
Mechanism of action of Aspirin ( jusprin )?
Non selective irreversible cox inhibitor leading to decrease synthesis of thromboxane A2( platelet aggregation )
Dose of Aspirin ( jusprin ) used as
antiplatelet?
Low dose (75—150) mg/d
Therapeutic uses of Aspirin ( jusprin )?
J > angina
-Myocardial infarction
-Unstable angina
-Coronary bypass graft & artificial heart valves
-Prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery
Adverse effects of Aspirin ( jusprin )?
GIT ( ulceration & bleeding).
Lack of response in some patients(aspirin resistance).
Why large dose Aspirin ( jusprin ) of is not used as antiplatelet?
Large dose cause inhibition of prostacyclin (PGI2) which has antiplatelet effect
