DRUG SAMPLES 1 Flashcards by Somaya Y

Generic name: pilocarpine
mention the Trade name ?

ISOPTOCARPINE

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Mechanism of action of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

Direct acting parasympathomimetic on muscarinic receptors.

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Three main therapeutic uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

1- xerostomia that follows head and neck radiation.
2- decrease IOP in treatment of glaucoma.
3- before surgery to overcome mydriatic effect of atropine.

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Three main adverse effects of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

1-bradycardia & hypotension.
2- spasm of accommodation.
3- salivation and sweating.
4- nausea and vomiting

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Uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) in dentistry ?

xerostomia

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Generic name : Atropine
mention the Trade name?

ISOPTOATROPINE

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Mechanism of action of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) ?

non-selective muscarinic blocker

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Two similar drugs as Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

Scopolamine
Benztropine

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Three main therapeutic uses Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

1- eye drops as mitotic agent to break adhesions btw irirs & cornea or lens.
2- severe bradycardia.
3-preanasthetic medication to decrease bronchospasm.
4- I.V in AV block due to digoxin toxicity.

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Three main adverse effects of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

1- dry mouth.
2- dry skin.
3- constipation.
4- urinary retention.
5- mydriasis and cycloplegia.
6- arrhythmia.

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Uses of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) in dentistry ?

Decrease flow of saliva during dental procedures

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Generic name : Epinephrine
mention the the Trade name?

EPINEPHRINE

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Mechanism of action of Epinephrine?

Direct agonist on all adrenergic receptors alpha & beta.

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Routes of administration of Epinephrine?

I.V
I.M
S.C
Intracardiac

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Three main therapeutic uses of Epinephrine?

حبيب ال heart

1- Complete heart block
2- Anaphylactic shock
3- Cardiac arrest
4- Local hemostatic agent
5- Acute bronchial asthma

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Three main adverse effects of Epinephrine?

1- tachycardia.
2- hypertension.
3- CNS : tremors, headache, nervousness

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Uses in dentistry of Epinephrine?

1-Control of bleeding after tooth extraction as pack soaked 1% EP.
2- with local anesthesia

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Trade name : INDERAL
mention the Generic name?

Propranolol

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Mechanism of action of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

non-selective beta blocker

Two similar drugs as Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

Pindolol ,timolol and nadolol

Therapeutic uses of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

Hyper/cardiac/pheooo

1-mild to moderate hypertension
2- Hyperthyroidism
3-cardiac arrhythmia.
4-pheochromocytoma.

Three adverse effects of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

بيكره ال heart

1-Heart failure in susceptible patients.
2-Bradycardia and heart block.
3-CNS side effects as depression and sedation.
4-Sexual dysfunction and allergic reaction.

Effect of sudden withdrawal of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

rebound effect (receptor up regulation).

Trade name : Nitrotard
Mention the Generic name?

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action of Nitroglycerin (Nitrotard) ?

Act by releasing NO which activate guanylyl cyclase enzyme >>> increase cGMP>>>relaxation of veins (decreasing preload )and in high doses relaxation of arteries ( decreasing afterload) and coronary collaterals

Two similar drugs as Nitroglycerin (Nitrotard) ? Mono/di

1- isosorbide mononitrate 2- isosorbide dinitrate.

Three main therapeutic uses of Nitroglycerin (Nitrotard) ?

1- Angina pectoris. 2- Acute heart failure. 3- hypertensive emergency

Beneficial side effect of Nitroglycerin (Nitrotard) ?

Pulsating headache It means drug acting full action and there is no tolerance.

Drug interaction of Nitroglycerin (Nitrotard) ?

with sildenafil ( PGE5 inhibitor ) >>>> potentiate vasodilator effect >>>> severe hypotension

Trade name : VALIUM Mention the Generic name?

Diazepam

Mechanism of action of Diazepam (VALIUM)?

Bind with Benzodiazepine receptors (long acting) causing conformational changes and increase affinity of GABA A receptors to GABA.

Two similar drugs as Diazepam (VALIUM)?

Flurazepam lorazepam

Three main therapeutic uses of Diazepam (VALIUM)?

1- Anxiolytic in anxiety disorders as panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder. 2- Hypnotic. 3- Anticonvulsant

Three main adverse effects of of Diazepam (VALIUM)?

Residual effects : drawsiness, mental confusion, sedation, Motor coordination- anterograde amnesia, paradoxical effect of anxiety

Uses in dentistry of Diazepam (VALIUM)?

1-preanasthetic medication. 2-Panic attack

Mechanism of action of MORPHINE SULPHATE ( Morphine )?

agonist on µ (Mu) receptor

Two similar drugs of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?

Codeine Heroine Tramadol

Three main therapeutic uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?

1/ Analgesia in severe pain as cancer . 2/ Cardiac asthma. 3/ Preanesthetic medication.

Three main adverse effects of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?

addiction – sedation – respiratory depression

Contraindications of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? PBB

Pregnancy- Biliary colic – Bronchial asthma

Uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? in dentistry

-Analgesia -Preanesthetic medication

Generic name : Codeine + paracetamol + caffeine Mention the trade name?

SOLPADINE

Mechanism of action of SOLPADINE?

- codeine >>>> selective agonist for the mu opioid receptor. - Paracetamol >>>> inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme

Three main therapeutic uses of SOLPADINE?

1- headache. 2- antitussive. 3- pain not responding to NSAIDs

Three main adverse effects of SOLPADINE?

- Respiratory depression - addiction - constipation -Nephrotoxicity with chronic use

Value of combination between Codeine, paracetamol and caffeine

- Synergism - Increase analgesic effect of codeine - Decrease respiratory depression Synergism meaning: interaction of elements produces an effect that is greater than the effect that would have resulted from each drug alone

Uses of SOLPADINE in dentistry ?

Analgesic