DRUG SAMPLES 1 Flashcards
Generic name: pilocarpine
mention the Trade name ?
ISOPTOCARPINE
Mechanism of action of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?
Direct acting parasympathomimetic on muscarinic receptors.
Three main therapeutic uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?
1- xerostomia that follows head and neck radiation.
2- decrease IOP in treatment of glaucoma.
3- before surgery to overcome mydriatic effect of atropine.
Three main adverse effects of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?
1-bradycardia & hypotension.
2- spasm of accommodation.
3- salivation and sweating.
4- nausea and vomiting
Uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) in dentistry ?
xerostomia
Generic name : Atropine
mention the Trade name?
ISOPTOATROPINE
Mechanism of action of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) ?
non-selective muscarinic blocker
Two similar drugs as Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?
Scopolamine
Benztropine
Three main therapeutic uses Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?
1- eye drops as mitotic agent to break adhesions btw irirs & cornea or lens.
2- severe bradycardia.
3-preanasthetic medication to decrease bronchospasm.
4- I.V in AV block due to digoxin toxicity.
Three main adverse effects of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?
1- dry mouth.
2- dry skin.
3- constipation.
4- urinary retention.
5- mydriasis and cycloplegia.
6- arrhythmia.
Uses of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) in dentistry ?
Decrease flow of saliva during dental procedures
Generic name : Epinephrine
mention the the Trade name?
EPINEPHRINE
Mechanism of action of Epinephrine?
Direct agonist on all adrenergic receptors alpha & beta.
Routes of administration of Epinephrine?
I.V
I.M
S.C
Intracardiac
Three main therapeutic uses of Epinephrine?
حبيب ال heart
1- Complete heart block
2- Anaphylactic shock
3- Cardiac arrest
4- Local hemostatic agent
5- Acute bronchial asthma
Three main adverse effects of Epinephrine?
1- tachycardia.
2- hypertension.
3- CNS : tremors, headache, nervousness
Uses in dentistry of Epinephrine?
1-Control of bleeding after tooth extraction as pack soaked 1% EP.
2- with local anesthesia
Trade name : INDERAL
mention the Generic name?
Propranolol
Mechanism of action of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?
non-selective beta blocker
Two similar drugs as Propranolol
(INDERAL)?
Pindolol ,timolol and nadolol
Therapeutic uses of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?
Hyper/cardiac/pheooo
1-mild to moderate hypertension
2- Hyperthyroidism
3-cardiac arrhythmia.
4-pheochromocytoma.
Three adverse effects of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?
بيكره ال heart
1-Heart failure in susceptible patients.
2-Bradycardia and heart block.
3-CNS side effects as depression and sedation.
4-Sexual dysfunction and allergic reaction.
Effect of sudden withdrawal of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?
rebound effect (receptor up regulation).
Trade name : Nitrotard
Mention the Generic name?
Nitroglycerin
Mechanism of action of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
Act by releasing NO which activate guanylyl cyclase enzyme»_space;> increase cGMP»>relaxation of veins (decreasing preload )and in high doses relaxation of arteries ( decreasing afterload) and coronary collaterals
Two similar drugs as Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
Mono/di
1- isosorbide mononitrate
2- isosorbide dinitrate.
Three main therapeutic uses of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
1- Angina pectoris.
2- Acute heart failure.
3- hypertensive emergency
Beneficial side effect of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
Pulsating headache
It means drug acting full action and there is no tolerance.
Drug interaction of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
with sildenafil ( PGE5 inhibitor )»_space;» potentiate vasodilator effect»_space;» severe hypotension
Trade name : VALIUM
Mention the Generic name?
Diazepam
Mechanism of action of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?
Bind with Benzodiazepine receptors (long acting) causing conformational changes and increase affinity of GABA A receptors to GABA.
Two similar drugs as Diazepam
(VALIUM)?
Flurazepam
lorazepam
Three main therapeutic uses of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?
1- Anxiolytic in anxiety disorders as panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder.
2- Hypnotic.
3- Anticonvulsant
Three main adverse effects of of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?
Residual effects : drawsiness, mental confusion, sedation,
Motor coordination- anterograde amnesia, paradoxical effect of anxiety
Uses in dentistry of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?
1-preanasthetic medication.
2-Panic attack
Mechanism of action of MORPHINE SULPHATE ( Morphine )?
agonist on µ (Mu) receptor
Two similar drugs of MORPHINE SULPHATE
(Morphine)?
Codeine
Heroine
Tramadol
Three main therapeutic uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?
1/ Analgesia in severe pain as cancer .
2/ Cardiac asthma.
3/ Preanesthetic medication.
Three main adverse effects of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?
addiction – sedation – respiratory depression
Contraindications of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? PBB
Pregnancy- Biliary colic – Bronchial asthma
Uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? in dentistry
-Analgesia
-Preanesthetic medication
Generic name : Codeine + paracetamol + caffeine
Mention the trade name?
SOLPADINE
Mechanism of action of SOLPADINE?
- codeine»_space;» selective agonist for themu opioid receptor.
- Paracetamol»_space;» inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme
Three main therapeutic uses of SOLPADINE?
1- headache.
2- antitussive.
3- pain not responding to NSAIDs
Three main adverse effects of SOLPADINE?
- Respiratory depression
- addiction
- constipation
-Nephrotoxicity with chronic use
Value of combination between
Codeine, paracetamol and caffeine
- Synergism
- Increase analgesic effect of codeine
- Decrease respiratory depression
Synergism meaning:
interaction of elements produces an effect that is greater than the effect that would have resulted from each drug alone
Uses of SOLPADINE in dentistry ?
Analgesic
