Drug quiz 8

Question 0

Calcium Chloride Mechanism of Action

Answer 0

Replacement of elemental calcium-increases myocardial contractility and ventricular automaticity

Question 1

Calcium Chloride Drug Classification

Answer 1

Mineral / Electrolyte

Question 2

Calcium Chloride Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

Onset of Action=Immediate
Peak Effects=Unknown
Duration of Effect=Varies
Half-Life=N/A

Question 3

Calcium Chloride Indications/Field Use

Answer 3

Acute hyperkalemia
Acute hypocalcemia
Ca channel blocker toxicity
Crush Syndrome
Hypermagnesemia
Abd muscle spasm from Brown Recluse Spider or Man of War Jellyfish
Cardiac Arrest 2nd to suspected hyperkalemia or known dialysis pt

Question 4

Calcium Chloride Contraindications

Answer 4

V-fib

Hypercalcemia

Question 5

Calcium Chloride Side Effects/Adverse Reaction

Answer 5

Bradycardia, dysrhythmias, N+V, syncope, cardiac arrest

Question 6

Calcium Chloride Dose

Answer 6

Adult: 8-16mg/kg IV, IO or 500-1000mg IV, IO
Pedi: 20mg/kg slow IVP (IO)

Question 7

Calcium Chloride Precautions

Answer 7

Can cause tissue necrosis at injection site, ensure patent IV line
Caution pt taking digitalis, may precipitate digatalis toxicity

Question 8

Calcium Chloride Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 8

Forms PPT wih NaHCO3, flush tubing between administration

Can cause digitalis toxicity when given to pt taking digitalis

Question 9

Sodium Bicarbonate Drug Classification

Answer 9

Alkalinizing agent / electrolyte

Question 10

Sodium Bicarbonate Mechanism of Action

Answer 10

Alkaline electrolyte that buffers excess H+

Cabonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System

Question 11

Sodium Bicarbonate Pharmacokinetics

Answer 11

Onset of action=Immediate
Peak Effects= <15 minutes
Duration of Effect=1-2hours
Half-Life=N/A

Question 12

Sodium Bicarbonate Indications/Field Use

Answer 12

Metabolic acidosis secondary to overdose

Cardiac arrest with known or suspected hyperkalemia

Question 13

Sodium Bicarbonate Contraindications

Answer 13

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 14

Sodium Bicarbonate Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 14

None in emergency setting

Question 15

Sodium Bicarbonate Dose

Answer 15

1mEq/kg (initial) IV, IO

Question 16

Sodium Bicarbonate Precautions

Answer 16

Causes metabolic alkalosis when administered in large quantities

Question 17

Sodium Bicarbonate Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 17

Deactivates catecholamines and vasopressors, reacts with CaCl2 to form PPT (in IV tuping)

Question 18

Normal Saline

Answer 18

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Question 19

Normal Saline Classification

Answer 19

Isotonic crystalloid solution

Question 20

Normal Saline Mechanism of Action

Answer 20

Volume replacement, water and electrolytes

Question 21

Normal Saline Pharmacokinetics

Answer 21

Onset of Action=Immediate
Peak Effects=Immediate
Duration of Effect=Varies by disease process or until renal clearance
Half-Life=N/A

Question 22

Normal Saline Indications/Field Use

Answer 22

Dehydration secondary to heat-related emergency
Shock/Hypotension/Hypovolemia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Keep open IV

Question 23

Normal Saline Contraindications

Answer 23

Pulmonary edema

Severe Hypertension

Question 24

Normal Saline Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 24

May induce pulmonary edema if given to pt with history of CHF

Question 25

Normal Saline Dose

Answer 25

``` Adult: 200-250cc IV, IO repeat until BP systolic >100, max dose 2000cc Pedi: 20cc/kg IV, IO for >1mo; 10cc/kg for <1mo Cardiogenic Shock (Pedi): 5-10cc/kg IV, IO ```

Question 26

Normal Saline Precautions

Answer 26

May cause depletion of other electrolytes when administered in large volumes May dilute oxygen carrying capacity in pt with severe bleeding If hypotension persists after 2000cc, consider alpha1 agonist infusion

Question 27

Normal Saline Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 27

Few in EMS

Question 28

Albuterol Sulfate

Answer 28

Proventil HFA, ProAir HFA

Question 29

Albuterol Sulfate Drug Classifiction

Answer 29

Sympathomimetic / Sympathetic agonist (B2 selective)

Question 30

Albuterol Sulfate Mechanism of Action

Answer 30

B2 agonist-bronchodilaton

Question 31

Albuterol Sulfate Pharmacokinetics

Answer 31

Onset of Action=5-15 minutes Peak Effects=1-1.5 hours Duration of Effect=3-6 hours Half Life=<3 hours

Question 32

Albuterol Sulfate Indications/Field Use

Answer 32

Asthma | Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD

Question 33

Albuterol Sulfate Contraindications

Answer 33

Symptomatic tachycardia, hypersensitivity

Question 34

Albuterol Sulfate Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 34

Anxiety, HA, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, HTN, arrhythmias, chest pain, N+V

Question 35

Albuterol Sulfate Dose

Answer 35

MDI Adult: 1 or 2 sprays (90micrograms/spray) | Neb Adult and Pedi: 2.5mg in 2.5mL NS over 5-15 min

Question 36

Albuterol Sulfate Precautions

Answer 36

BP, pulse, and EKG should be monitored, use caution with pts with known heart disease or HTN, auscultate LS before and after treatment

Question 37

Albuterol Sulfate Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 37

SE may increase with other sympathetic agonists, B blockers may blunt effects of this drugs, MAOI and TCA may potentiate cardiovascular effects

Question 38

Dextrose 50% Drug Classification

Answer 38

Carbohydrate

Question 39

Mechanism of Action

Answer 39

Raises blood glucose simply by added presence directly into vasculature

Question 40

Dextrose 50% Pharmacokinetics

Answer 40

Onset of Action=<1minute Peak Effects=Varies Duration of Effect=Varies Half-Life=N/A

Question 41

Dextrose 50% Indications/Field Use

Answer 41

Hypoglycemia

Question 42

Dextrose 50% Contraindications

Answer 42

Caution pts with increased ICP

Question 43

Dextrose 50% Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 43

Tissue necrosis/phlebitis at injection site

Question 44

Dextrose 50% Dose

Answer 44

Adult: 25g slow IV, IO repeat PRN Pedi: 0.5-1g/kg slow IV,IO

Question 45

Dextrose 50% Precautions

Answer 45

Local venous irritation may occur in smaller veins | May be diluted 1:1 with sterile water to make D25 for children

Question 46

Dextrose 50% Drug-Drug Interactions

Answer 46

None EMS