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Paramedic > Drug quiz 8 > Flashcards

Drug quiz 8 Flashcards

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0
Q

Calcium Chloride Mechanism of Action

A

Replacement of elemental calcium-increases myocardial contractility and ventricular automaticity

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1
Q

Calcium Chloride Drug Classification

A

Mineral / Electrolyte

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2
Q

Calcium Chloride Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=Immediate
Peak Effects=Unknown
Duration of Effect=Varies
Half-Life=N/A

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3
Q

Calcium Chloride Indications/Field Use

A

Acute hyperkalemia
Acute hypocalcemia
Ca channel blocker toxicity
Crush Syndrome
Hypermagnesemia
Abd muscle spasm from Brown Recluse Spider or Man of War Jellyfish
Cardiac Arrest 2nd to suspected hyperkalemia or known dialysis pt

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4
Q

Calcium Chloride Contraindications

A

V-fib

Hypercalcemia

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5
Q

Calcium Chloride Side Effects/Adverse Reaction

A

Bradycardia, dysrhythmias, N+V, syncope, cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Calcium Chloride Dose

A

Adult: 8-16mg/kg IV, IO or 500-1000mg IV, IO
Pedi: 20mg/kg slow IVP (IO)

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7
Q

Calcium Chloride Precautions

A

Can cause tissue necrosis at injection site, ensure patent IV line
Caution pt taking digitalis, may precipitate digatalis toxicity

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8
Q

Calcium Chloride Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Forms PPT wih NaHCO3, flush tubing between administration

Can cause digitalis toxicity when given to pt taking digitalis

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9
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Drug Classification

A

Alkalinizing agent / electrolyte

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10
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Mechanism of Action

A

Alkaline electrolyte that buffers excess H+

Cabonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System

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11
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of action=Immediate
Peak Effects= <15 minutes
Duration of Effect=1-2hours
Half-Life=N/A

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12
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Indications/Field Use

A

Metabolic acidosis secondary to overdose

Cardiac arrest with known or suspected hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Contraindications

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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14
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

None in emergency setting

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15
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Dose

A

1mEq/kg (initial) IV, IO

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16
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Precautions

A

Causes metabolic alkalosis when administered in large quantities

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17
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Deactivates catecholamines and vasopressors, reacts with CaCl2 to form PPT (in IV tuping)

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18
Q

Normal Saline

A

0.9% Sodium Chloride

19
Q

Normal Saline Classification

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

20
Q

Normal Saline Mechanism of Action

A

Volume replacement, water and electrolytes

21
Q

Normal Saline Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=Immediate
Peak Effects=Immediate
Duration of Effect=Varies by disease process or until renal clearance
Half-Life=N/A

22
Q

Normal Saline Indications/Field Use

A

Dehydration secondary to heat-related emergency
Shock/Hypotension/Hypovolemia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Keep open IV

23
Q

Normal Saline Contraindications

A

Pulmonary edema

Severe Hypertension

24
Q

Normal Saline Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

May induce pulmonary edema if given to pt with history of CHF

25
Q

Normal Saline Dose

A 
Adult: 200-250cc IV, IO repeat until BP systolic >100, max dose 2000cc
Pedi: 20cc/kg IV, IO for >1mo; 10cc/kg for <1mo
Cardiogenic Shock (Pedi): 5-10cc/kg IV, IO
26
Q

Normal Saline Precautions

A

May cause depletion of other electrolytes when administered in large volumes
May dilute oxygen carrying capacity in pt with severe bleeding
If hypotension persists after 2000cc, consider alpha1 agonist infusion

27
Q

Normal Saline Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Few in EMS

28
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

A

Proventil HFA, ProAir HFA

29
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Drug Classifiction

A

Sympathomimetic / Sympathetic agonist (B2 selective)

30
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Mechanism of Action

A

B2 agonist-bronchodilaton

31
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=5-15 minutes
Peak Effects=1-1.5 hours
Duration of Effect=3-6 hours
Half Life=<3 hours

32
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Indications/Field Use

A

Asthma

Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD

33
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Contraindications

A

Symptomatic tachycardia, hypersensitivity

34
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Anxiety, HA, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, HTN, arrhythmias, chest pain, N+V

35
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Dose

A

MDI Adult: 1 or 2 sprays (90micrograms/spray)

Neb Adult and Pedi: 2.5mg in 2.5mL NS over 5-15 min

36
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Precautions

A

BP, pulse, and EKG should be monitored, use caution with pts with known heart disease or HTN, auscultate LS before and after treatment

37
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Drug-Drug Interactions

A

SE may increase with other sympathetic agonists, B blockers may blunt effects of this drugs, MAOI and TCA may potentiate cardiovascular effects

38
Q

Dextrose 50% Drug Classification

A

Carbohydrate

39
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

Raises blood glucose simply by added presence directly into vasculature

40
Q

Dextrose 50% Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=<1minute
Peak Effects=Varies
Duration of Effect=Varies
Half-Life=N/A

41
Q

Dextrose 50% Indications/Field Use

A

Hypoglycemia

42
Q

Dextrose 50% Contraindications

A

Caution pts with increased ICP

43
Q

Dextrose 50% Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Tissue necrosis/phlebitis at injection site

44
Q

Dextrose 50% Dose

A

Adult: 25g slow IV, IO repeat PRN
Pedi: 0.5-1g/kg slow IV,IO

45
Q

Dextrose 50% Precautions

A

Local venous irritation may occur in smaller veins

May be diluted 1:1 with sterile water to make D25 for children

46
Q

Dextrose 50% Drug-Drug Interactions

A

None EMS

Paramedic (10 decks)

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