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Paramedic > Drug Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Drug Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

A

Proventil HFA, ProAir HFA

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2
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Drug Classification

A

Sympathomimetic/Sympathetic agonist (b2 selective)

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3
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Mechanism of Action

A

B2 agonist->bronchodilation

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4
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=5-15 min
Peak effects=1-1.5 hours
Duration of effect=3-6 hours
Half-Life=< 3 hours

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5
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Indications/Field use

A

1) Asthma

2) Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD

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6
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Contraindications

A

Symptomatic tachycardia, pts with a history of hypersensitivity to this drug

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7
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Anxiety, HA, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, HTN, arrhythmias, chest pain, N+V

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8
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Dose

A

MDI: (Adult) 1 or 2 sprays (90mg/spray)
Small-volume nebulizer: (Adult) 2.5mg in 2.5mL NS over 5-15min
Small-volume nebulizer: (Pedi) 2.5mg in 2.5mL NS over 5-15min

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9
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Precautions

A

1) BP, pulse, and EKG should be monitored
2) use caution with pts with known heart disease or HTN
3) auscultate LS before and after treatment

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10
Q

Albuterol Sulfate Drug-Drug Interactions

A

1) SE may increase with other sympathetic agonists
2) B blockers may blunt effects of this drug
3) MAOI and TCA may potentiate cardiovascular effects

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11
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide

A

Atrovent

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12
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Drug Classification

A

Anticholinergic/Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Mechanism of Action

A

Muscarinic ACh-R blocker->inhibits parasympathetic stimulation and vagally mediated responses by preventing increase in intracellular cGMP in bronchial smooth muscle->dries respiratory tract secretions and allows for bronchodilation

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14
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=varies
Peak Effects=1.5-2hours
Duration of Effect=4-6hours
Half-Life=1.5-2hours

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15
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Indications/Field use

A

1) Bronchial Asthma

2) Reversible bronchospasm associated with COPD

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16
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Contraindications

A

1) pts with history of hypersensitivity?

2) should not be used as primary acute treatment of bronchospasm

17
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Anxiety, HA, palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, rash, N+V

18
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Dose

A

Small-volume nebulizer: (Adult) 500mg-typically administered with a beta agonist
Small-volume nebulizer: (Pedi) 250-500mg q20min PRN
Also available as MDI

19
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Precautions

A

1) BP, pulse, and EKG should be monitored
2) use caution with pts with known heart disease or HTN and elderly
3) auscultate LS before and after treatment

20
Q

Ipratroprium Bromide Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Few prehospitally, not specified

21
Q

Magnesium Sulfate drug classification

A

Electrolyte/Antidysrhythmic/Mineral

22
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Mechanism of Action

A

Psycologic Ca2+ channel blocker->blocks neuromuscular transmission, causes CNS depressants and smooth muscle relaxation

23
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=Immediate IV, 1 hour IM
Peak Effects=Varies
Duration of Effect=1 hour
Half-Life=N/A

24
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Indications/Field Use

A

1) Severe Asthma/ Bronchospasm
2) Severe refractory VF or pulseless VT with hypoMg2+ and Torsades de Pointes
3) Post-MI prophylaxis of dysrhythmias
4) Ecclampsia, Pre-Term Labor

25
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Contraindications

A

Pt with 3rd degree heart block, shock, severe/persistent hypertension, impaired renal function, hypocalcemia

26
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Side Effects\Adverse Reactions

A

Flushing, Sweating, Bradycardia, Decreased Deep tendon reflexes, drowsiness, respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, hypotension, hypothermia, itching, rash

27
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Dose

A

Asthma (Adult): 2g in 100cc NS IV, IO infusion over 10 minutes
VT, VF Torsades-no pulse (Adult): 2g IVP (IO) over 1-2 minutes
VT/Torsades +pulse (Adult): 1-2g in 50-100cc NS, slow IVP (IO) over 5-60 minutes
Eclampsia (Adult): 2-4g slow IV, IO over 25 minutes, IM if IV access unavailable
Asthma (Pedi): 25-50mg/kg slow IV, IO infusion over 15-30 minutes, max dose 2g
VT -no pulse (Pedi): 25-50mg/kg IVP (IO), max dose 2g
VT +pulse (Pedi): 25-50mg/kg IV, IO over 10-20 minutes, max dose 2g

28
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Precautions

A

1) Monitor Vitals
2) Watch for Respiratory Depression
3) Have CaCl2 available if OD

29
Q

Magnesium Sulfate Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Cardiac conduction abnormalities if given with digitalis

30
Q

Methylpredisolone

A

Solu-Medrol

31
Q

Methylpredisolone drug classification

A

Corticosteroid/Anti-inflammatory

32
Q

Methylpredisolone Mechanism of action

A

Diffuses across the cell membrane, binds to DNA, regulates gene expression and increases synthesis of proteins and enzymes that inhibit inflammatory agents (cytokines, interleukin, interferon); inhibits synthesis of pro-inflammatory enzymes. It is an immunosupressant

33
Q

Methylpredisolone Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=2-6 hours
Peak Effects=4-8 days
Duration of Effect=1-5 weeks
Half-Life=3.5 hours

34
Q

Methylpredisolone Indications/Field Use

A

1) Severe Anaphylaxis, hives
2) Asthma, COPD
3) Spinal cord injury

35
Q

Methylpredisolone Contraindications

A

None in EMS

36
Q

Methylpredisolone Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Fluid retention, CHF, HTN, abd. distension, vertigo, HA, nausea malaise, hiccups

37
Q

Methylpredisolone dose

A

Asthma/Anaphylaxis (Adult): 125-250mg IV, IO
Spinal Cord Injury (Adult): 30mg/kg IV, IO over 15 min, maintenance 5.4mg/kg/hr for 24-48 hours
Asthma/Anaphylaxis (Pedi): 2mg/kg IV, IO, IM; max dose 80mg

38
Q

Methylpredisolone Precautions

A

1) Give only one dose prehospitally
2) LT steroid use can cause GI bleeding
3) prolonged wound healing
4) and suppression of adrenocortical steroids

39
Q

Methylpredisolone drug-drug interactions

A

1) Lasix and thiazide diuretics increase potassium loss

2) Decreased effect with phenytoin, phenobarbital, and rifampin due to increased metabolism of steroids

Paramedic (10 decks)

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