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Paramedic > Drug Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Drug Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Classification

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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2
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Mechanism of Action

A

Volume replacement, water and electrolytes

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3
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action= immediate
Peak effects= immediate
Duration of effect= varies by disease process or until renal clearance
Half-Life= N/A

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4
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Indications/field use

A

1) dehydration secondary to heat-related emergency
2) shock/hypotension/hypovolemia
3) diabetic ketoacidosis
4) keep open IV

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5
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Contraindications

A

1) Pulmonary edema

2) Severe hypertension

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6
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) side effects/adverse reactions

A

May induce pulmonary edema if given to a pt with history of CHF

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7
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Dose

A

Adult: 200-250cc IV, IO, repeat until BP systolic is greater than 100, max dose 2000cc

Pedi: 20cc/kg IV, IO for greater than 1 month old; 10cc/kg IV, IO for less than 1 month old
Cardiogenic shock Pedi: 5-10cc/kg IV, IO

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8
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Precautions

A

May cause depletion of other electrolytes in large volumes
May dilute oxygen carrying capacity in pt with severe bleeding
If hypotension persists after 2000cc, consider alpha 1 against infusion (i.e. Dopamine)

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9
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Few in EMS

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10
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Classification

A

Hypotonic Dextrose Containing Solution

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11
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Mechanism of Action

A

Provides nutrients in the form of dextrose

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12
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action= varies depending on goal
Peak Effects= N/A
Duration of Effects= N/A
Half-Life= N/A

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13
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Indications/Field use

A

Dilution of concentrated IV medications

Keep open IV

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14
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Contraindications

A

Hypovolemia requiring volume replacement

Patient with head injury or stroke

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15
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Side Effects/Adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

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16
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Dose

A

Adult: KVO

Pedi: KVO

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17
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Precautions

A

May cause local venous irritation
Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis
Monitor for signs of circulatory overload

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18
Q

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Do not use with Dilantin or Inocor

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19
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Classification

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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20
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Mechanism of Action

A

Volume replacement, water and electrolytes

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21
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action= Immediate
Peak Effects= Immediate
Duration of Effects= Varies depending on disease process
Half-Life= N/A

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22
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Indications/Field use

A

Hypovolemia
Severe Burns
Keep open IV

23
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Contraindications

A

Patient with congestive heart failure or renal failure

Hypersensitivity to sodium lactate

24
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Side Effects/Adverse reactions

A

May induce pulmonary edema if given to a pt with history of CHF

25
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Dose

A

Adult: Wide open IV, IO until BP systolic is greater than 100mmhg, then 100ml/hr

Pedi: 20cc/kg IV/IO

26
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Precautions

A

Patients should be monitored for circulatory overload

27
Q

Lactated Ringer’s Solution (Hartmann’s Solution) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Additive effects with potassium-sparing drugs; may cause hyperkalemia
Forms PPT in IV tubing Ceftriaxone

28
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Classification

A

Anticonvulsant/Sedative/Benzodiazepine/Anxiolytic

29
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Mechanism of Action

A

Positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors->binds to Benzo receptor site on chloride channels and potentiates binding and effects of GABA (increases intercellular Cl- concentration leading to hyperpolarization of the cell)

30
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=1-5 minutes IV, 15-30 minutes IM
Peak Effects=10 minutes IV, 30-45 minutes IM
Duration of Effect=15-60 minutes
Half-Life= 20-50 hours

31
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Indications/Field use

A

Major motor seizures
Pre-medication for cardioversion
Acute anxiety

32
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

33
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Side Effects/Adverse reactions

A

Hypotension, Tachycardia, Hallucinations, Drowsiness, HA, Amnesia, Respiratory Depression, Blurred Vision, N+V

34
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Dose

A

Anxiety (Adult): 2-5mg IV, IO
Seizures (Adult): 5-10mg IV, IO
Amnesia (Adult): 5-15mg IV, IO

Pedi: 0.1-0.2mg/kg IV, IO; 5mg max dose

35
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Precautions

A

May cause local venous irritation
Do not give faster than 1ml/min
Have benzo antagonist available

36
Q

Diazepam (Valium) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Additive effects with CNS depressants and alcohol

37
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Classification

A

Anticonvulsant/Sedative/Hypnotic/Benzodiazepine

38
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Mechanism of Action

A

Positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors->binds to Benzo receptor site on chloride channels and potentiates binding and effects of GABA (increases intercellular Cl- concentration leading to hyperpolarization of the cell)

39
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=1-5 minutes IV, 15-30 minutes IM
Peak Effects=15-20 minutes IV, 2 hours IM
Duration of Effect=6-8 hours
Half-Life=10-20 hours

40
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Indications/Field use

A

Major motor seizures
Pre-medication for cardioversion
Acute anxiety

41
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

42
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Side Effects/Adverse reactions

A

Hypotension, Drowsiness, HA, Amnesia, Respiratory Depression, Blurred Vision, N+V

43
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Dose

A

Adult:0.5-2mg (0.1mg/kg) IV, IO
Adult:1-4mg IM

Pedi:0.05mg/kg IV, IO

44
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Precautions

A

Have Benzo antagonist available

45
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Additives effects with CNS depressants and alcohol

46
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Classification

A

Anticonvulsant/Sedative/Hypnotic/Benzodiazepine

47
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Mechanism of Action

A

Positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors->binds to Benzo receptor site on chloride channels and potentiates binding and effects of GABA (increases intercellular Cl- concentration leading to hyperpolarization of the cell)

48
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset of Action=3-5 minutes IV, 15 minutes IM
Peak Effects=20-60 minutes
Duration of Effect=less than 2 hours IV, 1-6 hours IM
Half-Life=1-4 hours

49
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Indications/Field Use

A

Pre-medication for cardioversion or TCP
Sedation post intubation
Seizure

50
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Contraindications

A

History of narrow-angle glaucoma

Shock, depressed vitals, alcoholic coma

51
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Side Effects/Adverse reactions

A

Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, dyspnea, respiratory depression and arrest, amnesia, AMS, tachycardia, bradycardia, PVC’s, retching

52
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Dose

A

Adult: 2-5mg (0.5mg/kg) slow IV, IO, IM

Pedi: 0.2mg/kg slow IV; max dose 10mg

53
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Precautions

A

Have Emergency resuscitative equipment available; monitor vitals
More potent than other Benzos->increased risk of respiratory depression/arrest
Have benzo antagonist available

54
Q

Midazolam (Versed) Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Additive effects with CNS depressants and alcohol

Paramedic (10 decks)

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