Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEUR 4100 > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

Memantine

A

NMDAR

For AD
Low affinity, non-competitive antagonist

Blocks channel in open state (needs to be already activated)

Unbinds very quickly- selectively blocks overactive receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amantadine

A

NMDAR

PD

Channel blocker, but actually increases channel closure

Likely interacts with multiple receptors (increases DA release), but mechanisms is unknown

Efficacy has been questions, now used in combination therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Perampanel

A

Targets AMPAR- selective non-competitive antagonist (negative allosteric modulator)

For epilepsy

Used in addition to other treatments for partial onset and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Hase serious black box warnings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Black Box Warnings of Perampanel

A

Psychiatric and behavioural reactions

Aggression, hostility, irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Allopregnanolone

A

Anxiolytic

Approved for postpartum depression

Produced on demand in response to stress

PAM at GABA(A)R

Acute anxiolytic effect

Metabolized by hydroxylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synthetic Versions of Allopregnanolone

A

Aflaxalone

Ganaxolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alfaxalone

A

Anesthetic

Used in veterinary medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ganaxolone

A

Axiolytic and anticonvulsant

Currently in clinical trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atropine

A

Atropine Sulfate Injection

Non-selective MAChR antagonist

Restores cardiac rate and arterial pressure during anaesthesia when vagal stimulation causes a sudden drop in HR

Lessens degree of AV heart clock when increased vagal tone is a major factor (Too much vagal input damages heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Capsules

Non-Selective mAChR antagonist

Treatment of GI conditions involving smooth muscle spasm (irritable colon i..e IBS) and spastic constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Oxybutynin chloride extended release tablets

mAChR antagonist
- Selective for M 1,3,4 recepotrs

Relieves symptoms of urgency and frequency of urination in patients with overactive bladder

Decreases contraction of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nicotine Patch (Nicotine Transdermal System)

A

Non-selective nAChR agonist

Temporary aid to facilitate smoking cessation

Provides partial substitution for nicotine in cigarettes in order to lessen withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Varenicline

A

Varenicline Tartate tablets

Partial nAChR agonist at alpha4beta2 receptors

Prevent nicotine from binding and inducing DA release from VTA- occupies receptors so that even if you do smoke, it doesn’t have as much as an effect

Smoking cessation treatment in adults in conjunction with smoking cessation counselling

Adverse effects are primarily psychological (suicidal thoughts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Rivastigmine hydrogen tartate

Capsule, oral solution, transdermal patch

Weak AChE inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Galantamine

A

Galantamine hydrobromide extended release capsules

Weak AChE inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Donepezil

A

Weak AChE inhibitor

Donepezil hydrochloride tablets and rapidly disintegrating tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Drugs That Target 5-HT Neurotransmission

A

Antidepressants

Anti-migraine triptans

Antiemetics

Psychedelic drugs (under investigation for psychiatric disorders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Excitalopram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SNRI

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ergotamine

A

Anti-migraine triptans

Very promiscuous (5-HT, DA, EPI receptors)

Most preparations removed from market

Available as nasal spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sumatriptan/Zolmitriptan

A

Anti-migraine triptans
Fairy selective for 5-HT1B and 1D

Tablet, subcutaneous injection, nasal spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ondansetron

A

Anti-emetic

Original gold standard

Used as antimetic for chemotherapy and post-surgery

Many products still available in Canada

23
Q

Palonosetron

A

Anti-emetic

Newer agent with greater affinity for receptor

For chemotherapy

24
Q

Methylphenidate

A

NE and DA reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

Probably targets DA reuptake more than DA (higher affinity for NE)

One of the first medications for ADHD (Ritalin)

25
Q

Atomoxetine

A

NE, DA, 5-HT reuptake inhibitor

Newer medication for ADHD

Affinity NE> 5-HT> DA

26
Q

Haloperidol

A

1st generation typical antipsychotics

Antagonist at DA>5-HT receptors

Potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects

27
Q

Risperidone

A

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Antagonist at DA ~ 5-HT receptors

Less potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects (motor deficits)

28
Q

Olanzapine

A

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Antagonist at DA ~ 5-HT receptors

Less potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects

29
Q

Levodopa

A

Precursor to DA

Majority of dose remains outside of CNS

Conversion to DA induces adverse effects (nausea and vomiting)

Often co-administered with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor

30
Q

Benserazie

A

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor

to prevent conversion into DA outside of the brain

31
Q

Pramipexole

A

Agonist at D2, D3, D4 receptor

For PD

Adverse effects include nausea and hallucinations

32
Q

Ropinirole

A

Agonist at D2, D3, D4 receptor

For PD

Adverse effects include nausea and hallucinations

33
Q

Loperamide

A

Agonist at MOR in myenteric plexus

Does not cross BBB (P-glycoprotein transporter will pump it back out)

Decreases activity of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of intestine

Treats diarrhea

34
Q

Morphine-

A

3x stronger than codeine

35
Q

Fentanyl

A

50-100x stronger than morphine

36
Q

Oxycodone

A

1.5x stronger than morphine

37
Q

Morphine- Tablet

A

Morphine Sulfate SR Tablet

Used for pain severe enough to require daily, continuous, long term opioid treatment

Not an “as needed” analgesic

38
Q

Morphine- Injection

A

Morphine Sulfact Injection USP

Administered by slow IV injection

Exclusively for symptomatic relief of moderate to severe pain

Not an “as needed” analgesic”

39
Q

Codeine

A

Used for mild-moderate pain, often post surgery

Often formulated in combination with an over the counter analgesic

40
Q

Tylenol with Codeine No. 3

A

Has acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine phosphate

Lots of black box warnings

41
Q

Fentanyl- Injection

A

Fentanyl Citrate Injection

IV or intramuscular injection

For anesthetic or post-operative period (i..e heart surgery, GA)

For C sections

42
Q

Fentanyl Citrate- Tablets

A

Buccal/Sublingual

Pain in cancer patients who are tolerant to opioid therapy

Need to work up to dose

43
Q

Teva-Fentanyl

A

Transdermal- hard to abuse

only for us in those already receiving opioid therapy

No an “as needed” analgesic

Need to work up to dose

44
Q

ADHD- Psychostimulants

A

Amphetamine and methylphenidate

Beneficial for 75% of children affected

Adverse effects
Decreased appetite
Stomach pain
Sleep disturbances
Headaches
CV disease
Potential for dependnece
45
Q

Methylphenidate

A

First line of treatment for ADHD

Effective for 75% of patients

Increase DA and NE signalling , taken systemically (can have effects in periphery)

46
Q

Amphetamine

A

Blocks reuptake of DA and NE

Induces release of DA

47
Q

Amphetamine- Dextro/Levo

A

Enantiomers (mixed salts)

Extended release capsules

48
Q

Dextroamphetamine

A

Tablets

49
Q

Lisdexamfetamine

A 
Pro drug (Amphetamine)
For ADHD

Reuptake inhibitor of DA, NE, increases release of DA

Increases amygdala activity
Decreases amygdala-PFC connectivity

50
Q

Methylphenidate- Intermediate Release

A

Sustained release

51
Q

Methylphenidate- Sustained Release

A

Taken once daily

Extended release tablets

Dose increases throughout day

52
Q

Methylphenidate- Sustained Release

A

Taken once daily

Extended release tablets

Dose increases throughout day

53
Q

Atomoxetine vs Methylphenidate/Amphetamine

A

Much higher affinity for NE (doens’t boost DA system as much)

NE> 5-HT> DA

Potential therapeutic for those who don’t respond to stimulants, or who cannot tolerate adverse effects

Effects restricted to PFC (low potential for abuse)–> no abuse affinity

54
Q

Guanfacine

A

Non-stimulant

Adrenergic α 2 agonist (selective for Alphs2A receptor)

Previously used to lower BP, off label for ADHD

One per day Extended release tablets

Dose titrated up to build tolerance to CV effects

NEUR 4100 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions