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NEUR 4100 > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

Memantine

A

NMDAR

For AD
Low affinity, non-competitive antagonist

Blocks channel in open state (needs to be already activated)

Unbinds very quickly- selectively blocks overactive receptors

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2
Q

Amantadine

A

NMDAR

PD

Channel blocker, but actually increases channel closure

Likely interacts with multiple receptors (increases DA release), but mechanisms is unknown

Efficacy has been questions, now used in combination therapy

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3
Q

Perampanel

A

Targets AMPAR- selective non-competitive antagonist (negative allosteric modulator)

For epilepsy

Used in addition to other treatments for partial onset and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Hase serious black box warnings

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4
Q

Black Box Warnings of Perampanel

A

Psychiatric and behavioural reactions

Aggression, hostility, irritability

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5
Q

Allopregnanolone

A

Anxiolytic

Approved for postpartum depression

Produced on demand in response to stress

PAM at GABA(A)R

Acute anxiolytic effect

Metabolized by hydroxylation

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6
Q

Synthetic Versions of Allopregnanolone

A

Aflaxalone

Ganaxolone

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7
Q

Alfaxalone

A

Anesthetic

Used in veterinary medicine

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8
Q

Ganaxolone

A

Axiolytic and anticonvulsant

Currently in clinical trials

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9
Q

Atropine

A

Atropine Sulfate Injection

Non-selective MAChR antagonist

Restores cardiac rate and arterial pressure during anaesthesia when vagal stimulation causes a sudden drop in HR

Lessens degree of AV heart clock when increased vagal tone is a major factor (Too much vagal input damages heart)

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10
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Capsules

Non-Selective mAChR antagonist

Treatment of GI conditions involving smooth muscle spasm (irritable colon i..e IBS) and spastic constipation

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11
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Oxybutynin chloride extended release tablets

mAChR antagonist
- Selective for M 1,3,4 recepotrs

Relieves symptoms of urgency and frequency of urination in patients with overactive bladder

Decreases contraction of bladder

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12
Q

Nicotine Patch (Nicotine Transdermal System)

A

Non-selective nAChR agonist

Temporary aid to facilitate smoking cessation

Provides partial substitution for nicotine in cigarettes in order to lessen withdrawal symptoms

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13
Q

Varenicline

A

Varenicline Tartate tablets

Partial nAChR agonist at alpha4beta2 receptors

Prevent nicotine from binding and inducing DA release from VTA- occupies receptors so that even if you do smoke, it doesn’t have as much as an effect

Smoking cessation treatment in adults in conjunction with smoking cessation counselling

Adverse effects are primarily psychological (suicidal thoughts)

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14
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Rivastigmine hydrogen tartate

Capsule, oral solution, transdermal patch

Weak AChE inhibitor

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15
Q

Galantamine

A

Galantamine hydrobromide extended release capsules

Weak AChE inhibitor

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16
Q

Donepezil

A

Weak AChE inhibitor

Donepezil hydrochloride tablets and rapidly disintegrating tablets

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17
Q

Drugs That Target 5-HT Neurotransmission

A

Antidepressants

Anti-migraine triptans

Antiemetics

Psychedelic drugs (under investigation for psychiatric disorders)

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18
Q

SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Excitalopram

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19
Q

SNRI

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

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20
Q

Ergotamine

A

Anti-migraine triptans

Very promiscuous (5-HT, DA, EPI receptors)

Most preparations removed from market

Available as nasal spray

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21
Q

Sumatriptan/Zolmitriptan

A

Anti-migraine triptans
Fairy selective for 5-HT1B and 1D

Tablet, subcutaneous injection, nasal spray

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22
Q

Ondansetron

A

Anti-emetic

Original gold standard

Used as antimetic for chemotherapy and post-surgery

Many products still available in Canada

23
Q

Palonosetron

A

Anti-emetic

Newer agent with greater affinity for receptor

For chemotherapy

24
Q

Methylphenidate

A

NE and DA reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

Probably targets DA reuptake more than DA (higher affinity for NE)

One of the first medications for ADHD (Ritalin)

25
Atomoxetine
NE, DA, 5-HT reuptake inhibitor Newer medication for ADHD Affinity NE> 5-HT> DA
26
Haloperidol
1st generation typical antipsychotics Antagonist at DA>5-HT receptors Potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects
27
Risperidone
2nd generation atypical antipsychotics Antagonist at DA ~ 5-HT receptors Less potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects (motor deficits)
28
Olanzapine
2nd generation atypical antipsychotics Antagonist at DA ~ 5-HT receptors Less potential for extrapyramidal adverse effects
29
Levodopa
Precursor to DA Majority of dose remains outside of CNS Conversion to DA induces adverse effects (nausea and vomiting) Often co-administered with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor
30
Benserazie
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor to prevent conversion into DA outside of the brain
31
Pramipexole
Agonist at D2, D3, D4 receptor For PD Adverse effects include nausea and hallucinations
32
Ropinirole
Agonist at D2, D3, D4 receptor For PD Adverse effects include nausea and hallucinations
33
Loperamide
Agonist at MOR in myenteric plexus Does not cross BBB (P-glycoprotein transporter will pump it back out) Decreases activity of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of intestine Treats diarrhea
34
Morphine-
3x stronger than codeine
35
Fentanyl
50-100x stronger than morphine
36
Oxycodone
1.5x stronger than morphine
37
Morphine- Tablet
Morphine Sulfate SR Tablet Used for pain severe enough to require daily, continuous, long term opioid treatment Not an "as needed" analgesic
38
Morphine- Injection
Morphine Sulfact Injection USP Administered by slow IV injection Exclusively for symptomatic relief of moderate to severe pain Not an "as needed" analgesic"
39
Codeine
Used for mild-moderate pain, often post surgery Often formulated in combination with an over the counter analgesic
40
Tylenol with Codeine No. 3
Has acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine phosphate Lots of black box warnings
41
Fentanyl- Injection
Fentanyl Citrate Injection IV or intramuscular injection For anesthetic or post-operative period (i..e heart surgery, GA) For C sections
42
Fentanyl Citrate- Tablets
Buccal/Sublingual Pain in cancer patients who are tolerant to opioid therapy Need to work up to dose
43
Teva-Fentanyl
Transdermal- hard to abuse only for us in those already receiving opioid therapy No an "as needed" analgesic Need to work up to dose
44
ADHD- Psychostimulants
Amphetamine and methylphenidate Beneficial for 75% of children affected ``` Adverse effects Decreased appetite Stomach pain Sleep disturbances Headaches CV disease Potential for dependnece ```
45
Methylphenidate
First line of treatment for ADHD Effective for 75% of patients Increase DA and NE signalling , taken systemically (can have effects in periphery)
46
Amphetamine
Blocks reuptake of DA and NE Induces release of DA
47
Amphetamine- Dextro/Levo
Enantiomers (mixed salts) Extended release capsules
48
Dextroamphetamine
Tablets
49
Lisdexamfetamine
``` Pro drug (Amphetamine) For ADHD ``` Reuptake inhibitor of DA, NE, increases release of DA Increases amygdala activity Decreases amygdala-PFC connectivity
50
Methylphenidate- Intermediate Release
Sustained release
51
Methylphenidate- Sustained Release
Taken once daily Extended release tablets Dose increases throughout day
52
Methylphenidate- Sustained Release
Taken once daily Extended release tablets Dose increases throughout day
53
Atomoxetine vs Methylphenidate/Amphetamine
Much higher affinity for NE (doens't boost DA system as much) NE> 5-HT> DA Potential therapeutic for those who don't respond to stimulants, or who cannot tolerate adverse effects Effects restricted to PFC (low potential for abuse)--> no abuse affinity
54
Guanfacine
Non-stimulant Adrenergic α 2 agonist (selective for Alphs2A receptor) Previously used to lower BP, off label for ADHD One per day Extended release tablets Dose titrated up to build tolerance to CV effects

NEUR 4100 (11 decks)

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