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Test - 2021 Paramedic Pharm > Drug Deck - Assignment > Flashcards

Drug Deck - Assignment Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

A

Class:

  • Platelet aggregator inhibitor
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Action:

  • Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)
  • Prevents clots from forming

Indications:

  • Chest pain and/or signs and symptoms suggestive of the acute coronary syndrome
  • ECG waveforms suggestive of the acute coronary syndrome
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2
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Class:

  • Antidysrhythmic

Action:

  • Slows atrioventricular conduction

Indications:

  • Supraventricular tachycardia
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome
  • Monomorphic wide-complex tachycardia
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3
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin)

A

Class:

  • Sympathomimetic
  • Bronchodilator
  • Beta2 agonist

Action:

  • Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

Indications:

  • Asthma
  • Bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
  • Hyperkalemia
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4
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)​

A

Class:

  • Antidysrhythmic

Action:

  • Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
  • Prolongs the action potential and repolarization
  • Slows the sinus rate
  • Increases the PR interval and QT interval

Indications:

  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
  • Wide complex tachycardia
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5
Q

Atropine Sulfate

A

Class:

  • Anticholinergic
  • Parasympathetic blocker
  • Antidote

Action:

  • Blocks the action of acetylcholine
  • Increases the heart rate
  • Reverses symptoms of cholinergic poisoning

Indications:

  • Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Carbamate poisoning
  • Nerve agent exposure
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6
Q

Calcium Chloride ​

A

Class:

  • Electrolyte

Action:

  • Increases intracellular calcium levels
  • Increases myocardial contractility

Indications:

  • Acute hypocalcemia
  • Calcium channel blocker overdose
  • Beta-blocker overdose
  • Hyperkalemia
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7
Q

Charcoal Activated (without Sorbitol)

A

Class:

  • Adsorbent

Action:

  • Adsorbs (binds with) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract

Indications:

  • Oral poisonings
  • Oral overdoses
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8
Q

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (Decadron)

A

Class:

  • Corticosteroid
  • Glucocorticoid
  • Anti-inflammatory

Action:

  • Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
  • Produces immunosuppressive effect
  • Stabilizes cellular membranes

Indications:

  • Acute exacerbation of
    • Asthma
    • Chronic bronchitis
    • Emphysema
    • Reactive airway conditions
  • Anaphylaxis
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9
Q

Dextrose (50%)

A

Class:

  • Carbohydrate
  • Antihypoglycemic

Action:

  • Increases the glucose levels in the blood

Indications:

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Unconsciousness of unknown etiology
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10
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Class:

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Sedative
  • Hypnotic

Action:

  • Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and hypothalamus
  • Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
  • Raises the seizure threshold
  • Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system

Indications:

  • Seizure activity
  • Status epilepticus
  • Procedural sedation for intubation and cardioversion
  • Chemical restraint for agitated (excited) delirium
  • Delirium tremens
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11
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)​

A

Class:

  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Antidysrhythmic

Action:

  • Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes
  • Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
  • Slows ventricular conduction rates in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Indications:

  • Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate
  • Atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate
  • Supraventricular tachycardia second-line to administration of adenosine
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12
Q

Diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl)

A

Class:

  • Antihistamine
  • Anticholinergic

Action:

  • Blocks H1 histamine receptors
  • Reverses phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms

Indications:

  • Allergic reaction
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms
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13
Q

Dopamine (Intropin)

A

Class:

  • Sympathomimetic
  • Vasopressor

Action:

  • Increases the heart rate
  • Increases the force of myocardial contractility
  • Increases the blood pressure
  • Increases preload

Indications:

  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Hemodynamically significant bradycardia
  • Hemodynamically significant hypotension
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14
Q

Epinephrine HCL

A

Class:

  • Sympathomimetic

Action:

  • Alpha-adrenergic response
    • Vasoconstriction
  • Beta1-adrenergic responses
    • Increases the heart rate
    • Increases myocardial contractility
  • Beta2-adrenergic response
    • Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
  • Blocks histamine receptors

Indications:

  • Cardiac arrest
    • Asystole
    • Pulseless electrical activity
    • Ventricular fibrillation
    • Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
  • Hemodynamically significant hypotension from a cause other than hypovolemia
  • Asthma
  • Bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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15
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A

Class:

  • Anesthesia induction agent
  • Hypnotic
  • Sedative

Action:

  • Produces depression of the central nervous system
  • Produces anesthesia

Indications:

  • Procedural sedation for intubation
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16
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze)

A

Class:

  • Narcotic analgesic
  • Narcotic agonist

Action:

  • Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
  • Depresses respiratory centers in the brainstem
  • Decreases venous return to the heart
  • Decreases preload
  • Decreases afterload

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe pain
  • Procedural sedation including intubation
17
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Class:

  • Diuretic

Action:

  • Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
  • Increases output of urine

Indications:

  • Pulmonary edema
  • Congestive heart failure
18
Q

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

A

Class:

  • Hyperglycemic
  • Pancreatic hormone

Action:

  • Converts glycogen to glucose
  • Increases glucose levels in the blood
  • Increases the force of myocardial contractility
  • Increases the heart rate

Indications:

  • Hemodynamically significant hypoglycemia
  • Beta-blocker overdose
19
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A

Class:

  • Anticholinergic
  • Bronchodilator

Action:

  • Blocks acetylcholine receptors
  • Dilates the larger airways resulting in bronchodilation

Indications:

  • Asthma
  • Bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema
20
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A

Class:

  • Sedative
  • Anesthetic
  • Analgesic

Action:

  • Blocks pain receptors
  • Produces a dissociative state
  • Produces anesthesia

Indications:

  • Procedural sedation for intubation
21
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Class:

  • Antidysrhythmic

Action:

  • Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
  • Increases the threshold of ventricular fibrillation

Indications:

  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Ventricular tachycardia
  • Ventricular dysrhythmias
    • Frequent premature ventricular complexes and couplets
    • Monomorphic and polymorphic wide-complex tachycardia
22
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Class:

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Sedative
  • Hypnotic

Action:

  • Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and cortex
  • Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
  • Raises the seizure threshold
  • Exerts tranquilizing action (antianxiety effect) on the central nervous system

Indications:

  • Seizure activity
  • Status epilepticus
  • Procedural sedation including intubation and cardioversion
  • Chemical restraint for agitated (excited) delirium
23
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

Class:

  • Electrolyte
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Tocolytic (labor suppressant)

Action:

  • Decreases ventricular irritability
  • Decreases release of acetylcholine that inhibits muscular excitability
  • Causes uterine relaxation
  • Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

Indications:

Seizures caused by toxicity of pregnancy (toxemia)

Pregnancy induced hypertension (pre-clampsia and eclampsia)

Pre-term labor

Torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia)

  • Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia refractory to amiodarone or lidocaine
  • Reactive airway conditions including bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm
24
Q

Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol)

🫁 😛 ️‍🔥

A

Class:

  • Corticosteroid
  • Glucocorticoid
  • Anti-inflammatory

Action:

  • Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
  • Produces immunosuppressive effect
  • Stabilizes cellular membranes

Indications:

  • Acute exacerbation of
    • Asthma
    • Chronic bronchitis
    • Emphysema
    • Reactive airway conditions
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Burns involving the airway
25
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A

Class:

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Sedative
  • Hypnotic

Action:

  • Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and hypothalamus
  • Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
  • Raises the seizure threshold
  • Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system

Indications:

  • Seizure activity
  • Status epilepticus
  • Procedural sedation for intubation and cardioversion
  • Chemical restraint for agitated (excited) delirium
26
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A

Class:

  • Narcotic analgesic
  • Narcotic agonist

Action:

  • Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
  • Depresses brainstem respiratory centers
  • Decreases venous return to the heart
  • Decreases preload
  • Decreases afterload

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe pain
  • Chest pain and/or signs and symptoms suggestive of the acute coronary syndrome
  • Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
27
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Class:

Narcotic antagonist

Action:

  • Acts as a competitive antagonist at opiate receptors in the central nervous system
  • Reverses the effects of narcotics and synthetic analgesic drugs
  • Central nervous system depression
  • Respiratory depression
  • Respiratory arrest

Indications:

  • Narcotic and synthetic drug overdoses
    • morphine
    • heroin
    • oxycodone
    • methadone
    • codeine
    • meperidine
    • fentanyl
    • hydrocodone
    • hydromorphone
  • Unconsciousness of unknown etiology
28
Q

Nitroglycerine (NitroStat, NitroQuick, NitroLingual, NitroDur)

A

Class:

  • Vasodilator
  • Antianginal
  • Nitrate

Action:

  • Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
  • Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased blood flow to the myocardium
  • Decreases workload on the heart
  • Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
  • Decreases preload
  • Decreases afterload

Indications:

  • Chest pain and signs/symptoms suggestive of the acute coronary syndrome
  • Congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema
29
Q

Nitrous Oxide 50% (Nitronox)

A

Class:

  • Inhaled analgesic

Action:

  • Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe pain due to musculoskeletal trauma and burns
30
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) ​

A

Class:

  • Antiemetic

Action:

  • Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptor sites in the central nervous system
  • Inhibits nausea and vomiting

Indications:

  • Nausea and vomiting
31
Q

Oral Glucose (Glutose, Insta-Glucose)

A

Class:

  • Carbohydrate
  • Hyperglycemic

Action:

  • Increases the glucose levels in the blood

Indications:

  • Hypoglycemia
32
Q

Oxygen (O2)

A

Class:

  • Natural atmospheric gas

Action:

  • Reverses hypoxia
  • Increases arterial oxygen concentration
  • Increases hemoglobin saturation
  • Increases tissue oxygenation

Indications:

  • Hypoxia
  • Suspected hypoxia
33
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

A

Class:

  • Pituitary hormone
  • Uterine stimulant

Action:

  • Increases the force and frequency of uterine contraction

Indications:

  • Postpartum hemorrhage following delivery of the newborn and placenta
34
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

A

Class:

  • Topical vasoconstrictor

Action:

  • Vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nasal passages
  • Reduces the risk of bleeding during insertion of a nasotracheal tube

Indications:

  • Administered prior to insertion of a nasotracheal tube
35
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate (Lifeshield)

A

Class:

  • Alkalizing agent

Action:

  • Buffers excess acid (H+)
  • Increases the pH

Indications:

  • Metabolic acidosis in these conditions
    • Salicylate overdose
    • Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
    • Hyperkalemia
    • Pre-existing or known metabolic acidosis
    • Acidosis refractory to effective ventilation
    • Prolonged cardiac arrest
36
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine®)

A

Class:

  • Neuromuscular blocking agent
  • Paralytic

Action:

  • Inhibits neuromuscular transmission resulting in temporary paralysis

Indications:

  • Procedural adjunct for intubation
37
Q

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) [Betalin]

A

Class:

Vitamin

Action:

Metabolizes carbohydrates

Indications:

  • Delirium tremens
  • Wernicke encephalopathy
  • Korsakoff syndrome
  • Unconsciousness of unknown etiology
  • Alcoholism
  • Malnourishment
38
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin®)

A

Class:

  • Vasopressor

Action:

  • Produces vasoconstriction

Indications:

  • Cardiac arrest
    • Ventricular fibrillation
    • Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
    • Asystole
    • Pulseless electrical activity
39
Q

Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)

A

Class:

  • Calcium channel blocker
  • Antidysrhythmic

Action:

  • Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes
  • Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node
  • Slows the ventricular conduction rate in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Indications:

  • Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate
  • Atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate
  • Supraventricular tachycardia

Test - 2021 Paramedic Pharm (34 decks)

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