Chapter 10 Life Span Development: Vital Vocabulary

Question 1

People who are 13 to 18 years of age.

Answer 1

adolescents

Question 2

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall.

Answer 2

aneurysm

Question 3

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

Answer 3

anxious avoidant attachment

Question 4

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Answer 4

atherosclerosis

Question 5

A parenting style that demands absolute obedience.

Answer 5

authoritarian

Question 6

A parenting style that balances parental authority with the child’s freedom by setting and enforcing rules, but also allowing the child to have some freedom.

Answer 6

authoritative

Question 7

Trauma resulting from increased pressure; for example from too much pressure in the lungs.

Answer 7

barotrauma

Question 8

The formation of a close, personal relationship.

Answer 8

bonding

Question 9

A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.

Answer 9

conventional reasoning

Question 10

The second phase of an infant’s response to a situational crisis; characterized by monotonous wailing.

Answer 10

despair phase

Question 11

People who are 18 to 40 years of age.

Answer 11

early adults

Question 12

Areas where the infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age; also called soft spots.

Answer 12

fontanelles

Question 13

Structures located on either end of an infant’s bone that aid in lengthening bones as the child grows

Answer 13

growth plates

Question 14

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream.

Answer 14

hypercapnia

Question 15

People who are 1 month to 1 year of age.

Answer 15

infants

Question 16

People who are 61 years of age or older.

Answer 16

late adults

Question 17

The average amount of years a person can be expected to live.

Answer 17

life expectancy

Question 18

A female’s first menstrual period

Answer 18

menarche

Question 19

The cessation of menstruation, which begins in a woman’s late 40’s or early 50’s, and which marks the end of the reproductive years.

Answer 19

menopause

Question 20

People who are 41 to 60 years of age.

Answer 20

middle adults

Question 21

An infant reflex in which, when caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things.

Answer 21

Moro reflex

Question 22

The basic filtering units in the kidneys.

Answer 22

nephrons

Question 23

An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object.

Answer 23

palmar grasp

Question 24

A parenting style in which the parent does not impose many rules, if any, on the child; two subcategories include indifferent and indulgent.

Answer 24

permissive

Question 25

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.

Answer 25

postconventional reasoning

Question 26

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what he or she wants.

Answer 26

preconventional reasoning

Question 27

People who are 3 to 5 years of age.

Answer 27

preschoolers

Question 28

An infant's initial response to a situational crisis; characterized by loud crying.

Answer 28

protest phase

Question 29

An instructional technique that builds on what has already been learned.

Answer 29

scaffolding

Question 30

People who are 6 to 12 years of age.

Answer 30

school-age children

Question 31

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that parents and/ or caregivers will be responsive to his or her needs and provide care when help is needed.

Answer 31

secure attachment

Question 32

A person's perception of himself or herself.

Answer 32

self-concept

Question 33

How a person feels about himself or herself, and how a person feels about how he or she fits in with peers.

Answer 33

self-esteem

Question 34

A crisis caused by a specific set of circumstances.

Answer 34

situational crisis

Question 35

An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked.

Answer 35

sucking reflex

Question 36

The theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

Answer 36

terminal drop hypothesis

Question 37

People who are 1 to 3 years of age.

Answer 37

toddlers

Question 38

A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents and/ or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine.

Answer 38

trust and mistrust

Question 39

In the context of infant behavior, the final phase of an infant's response to a situational crisis; characterized by apathy and boredom.

Answer 39

withdrawal