Chapter 10 Life Span Development: Vital Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

People who are 13 to 18 years of age.

A

adolescents

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2
Q

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall.

A

aneurysm

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3
Q

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

A

anxious avoidant attachment

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4
Q

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

A

atherosclerosis

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5
Q

A parenting style that demands absolute obedience.

A

authoritarian

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6
Q

A parenting style that balances parental authority with the child’s freedom by setting and enforcing rules, but also allowing the child to have some freedom.

A

authoritative

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7
Q

Trauma resulting from increased pressure; for example from too much pressure in the lungs.

A

barotrauma

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8
Q

The formation of a close, personal relationship.

A

bonding

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9
Q

A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.

A

conventional reasoning

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10
Q

The second phase of an infant’s response to a situational crisis; characterized by monotonous wailing.

A

despair phase

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11
Q

People who are 18 to 40 years of age.

A

early adults

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12
Q

Areas where the infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age; also called soft spots.

A

fontanelles

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13
Q

Structures located on either end of an infant’s bone that aid in lengthening bones as the child grows

A

growth plates

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14
Q

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream.

A

hypercapnia

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15
Q

People who are 1 month to 1 year of age.

A

infants

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16
Q

People who are 61 years of age or older.

A

late adults

17
Q

The average amount of years a person can be expected to live.

A

life expectancy

18
Q

A female’s first menstrual period

A

menarche

19
Q

The cessation of menstruation, which begins in a woman’s late 40’s or early 50’s, and which marks the end of the reproductive years.

A

menopause

20
Q

People who are 41 to 60 years of age.

A

middle adults

21
Q

An infant reflex in which, when caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things.

A

Moro reflex

22
Q

The basic filtering units in the kidneys.

A

nephrons

23
Q

An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object.

A

palmar grasp

24
Q

A parenting style in which the parent does not impose many rules, if any, on the child; two subcategories include indifferent and indulgent.

A

permissive

25
Q

A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.

A

postconventional reasoning

26
Q

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what he or she wants.

A

preconventional reasoning

27
Q

People who are 3 to 5 years of age.

A

preschoolers

28
Q

An infant’s initial response to a situational crisis; characterized by loud crying.

A

protest phase

29
Q

An instructional technique that builds on what has already been learned.

A

scaffolding

30
Q

People who are 6 to 12 years of age.

A

school-age children

31
Q

A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that parents and/ or caregivers will be responsive to his or her needs and provide care when help is needed.

A

secure attachment

32
Q

A person’s perception of himself or herself.

A

self-concept

33
Q

How a person feels about himself or herself, and how a person feels about how he or she fits in with peers.

A

self-esteem

34
Q

A crisis caused by a specific set of circumstances.

A

situational crisis

35
Q

An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked.

A

sucking reflex

36
Q

The theory that a person’s mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

A

terminal drop hypothesis

37
Q

People who are 1 to 3 years of age.

A

toddlers

38
Q

A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents and/ or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine.

A

trust and mistrust

39
Q

In the context of infant behavior, the final phase of an infant’s response to a situational crisis; characterized by apathy and boredom.

A

withdrawal