Ch 8 Anatomy and Physiology (part 1) Flashcards
The study of the structure and makeup of the organism.
anatomy
The study of the processes and functions of the body.
physiology
The study of how body functions change and react when the body encounters disease or when homeostasis is otherwise disturbed.
pathophysiology
A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment; processes that balance the supply and demand of the body’s needs.
homeostasis
What are the 9 characteristics of life shared by all living things?
absorption, circulation, digestion, excretion, growth, movement, reproduction, respiration, and responsiveness
What are the 6 levels of organization in the human body?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
What elements make up 96% of a human body’s weight?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Small units of an element that vary in size, weight, and how they combine and interact with each other.
atoms
What are atoms composed of?
protons, electrons and neutrons
Particle that carries a positive charge
proton
Particle that carries a negative charge
electron
Particle that is neutral
neutron
When an atom has the same number of protons and electrons, the atom has ___________.
no net charge
it is neither negative or positive
Protons and neutrons are similar in size and mass and are located in the ____.
nucleus
The number of protons in an atom is known as its
atomic number
Number of protons and neutrons in an element’s nucleus
atomic weight (atomic mass)
Have nuclei with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
isotopes
Electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms are ___.
ions
Ions with a positive charge
cations (+)
Ions with a negative charge
anions (-)
A type of chemical bond formed from the attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
ionic bond
Occurs when atoms are bonded to form molecules by sharing electrons.
covalent bond
A type of chemical bond formed between a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom
hydrogen bonds
A substance that can be broken down into the two or more elements contained within it
compound