Drug Adverse Reactions Flashcards
What is an adverse drug reaction?
Any response to a drug that is noxious, unintended and occurs at doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment.
What are three classifications of onset in ADRs?
Acute is within 60 minutes
Sub-acute is within 1-24 hours
Latent is within 2 days
What are three classifications of severity of ADRs?
Mild requires no change in therapy
Moderate requires a change in therapy and additional treatment.
Severe is life threatening and disabling.
What are the six types of ADRs?
Type A- Augmented Type B- Bizarre Type C- Chronic Type D- Delayed Type E- End of treatment Type F- Failure of Treatment
What are Type A reactions and how are they dealt with? What are the two types?
They are augmented responses meaning there is excess pharmacological action. It is dose dependant and reversible on reducing or stopping the drug.
Two types are primary and secondary effect. Secondary is unrelated to the therapeutic effect.
What are Type B reactions? What kind of drugs and patients are they most common with?
They are bizarre and unexplained reactions that are not dose dependant. They are more common with macromolecules, vaccines and proteins. More common in patients with asthma and excema or if there is presence of a particular HLA.
What are some mechanisms of Type B reactions?
Idiosyncratic such as genetic abnormalities like enzyme and receptors abnormalities.
Drug allergy or hypersensitivity
What are Type C reactions and name an example
They are chronic responses that are semi predictable so they can try to be prevented.
Opiate addiction
Steroid induced osteoporosis
What are Type D reactions and name two examples
They are delayed reactions so effects occur a long time after treatment.
Teratogenesis
Carcinogenesis
What are Type E responses?
They are end of treatment responses so occur when treatment is stopped especially suddenly after long term use.
Rebound phenomena occurs when a drug is suddenly withdrawn.
